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Questions and Answers
What is a case study?
What is a case study?
- A detailed study of a specific person, group, or event (correct)
- An observational technique used in public settings
- A research method focusing on quantitative data
- A comparison of multiple experimental groups
What does ecological validity refer to?
What does ecological validity refer to?
- The accuracy of qualitative data collected
- The degree of control an experiment has over variables
- The extent to which study results are applicable to real-life settings (correct)
- The ability to replicate a study under similar conditions
What is a covert observation?
What is a covert observation?
- An observation with clear ethical guidelines and consent
- A type of observation where participants know they are being studied
- An observation conducted in a participant's natural environment
- A type of observation where participants are unaware they are being observed (correct)
Which variable is manipulated by the researcher in an experiment?
Which variable is manipulated by the researcher in an experiment?
What is a matched pairs design?
What is a matched pairs design?
What is qualitative data?
What is qualitative data?
What characterizes a directional hypothesis?
What characterizes a directional hypothesis?
What is standard deviation a measure of?
What is standard deviation a measure of?
Flashcards
What is a case study?
What is a case study?
A detailed study of a specific person, group, or event, yielding extensive qualitative data.
Define content analysis.
Define content analysis.
A research tool used to identify themes or patterns in qualitative data.
What is ecological validity?
What is ecological validity?
The extent to which results from a study can be applied to real-life settings.
Explain demand characteristics.
Explain demand characteristics.
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What is a repeated measures design?
What is a repeated measures design?
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Define independent groups design.
Define independent groups design.
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What is a covert observation?
What is a covert observation?
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Define standard deviation.
Define standard deviation.
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Study Notes
Key Definitions
- Case study: A detailed investigation of a specific person, group, or event, producing extensive qualitative data.
- Content analysis: A research method used to identify patterns or themes in qualitative data.
- Ecological validity: The degree to which study results can be generalised to real-life settings.
- Demand characteristics: Changes in participant behaviour due to awareness of being studied.
Experimental Designs
- Repeated measures design: The same participants are tested in each condition of an experiment.
- Independent groups design: Different participants are used in each experimental condition.
- Matched pairs design: Participants in different groups are matched based on key characteristics.
Observations
- Covert observation: Participants are unaware they are being observed, reducing demand characteristics but potentially raising ethical issues.
- Overt observation: Participants are aware of being observed, ensuring informed consent.
Variables and Hypotheses
- Independent variable: The variable manipulated by the researcher to observe its effects.
- Dependent variable: The variable measured to assess the impact of the independent variable.
- Confounding variable: An extraneous variable influencing the results due to its relationship with the independent variable.
- Directional hypothesis: A prediction specifying the direction of the effect (e.g., X will increase Y).
- Naturalistic observation: Observing participants in their natural environment, improving ecological validity.
Data Handling
- Standard deviation: A measure of how much scores deviate from the mean.
- Mean: The average of a dataset.
- Qualitative data: Non-numerical data. Examples include text or video.
- Quantitative data: Numerical data. Examples include height or weight.
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Description
This quiz covers key definitions and experimental designs used in psychology, including case studies, content analysis, and different observation methods. Test your understanding of research concepts and their applicability in real-world scenarios.