Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a case study?
What is a case study?
What does ecological validity refer to?
What does ecological validity refer to?
What is a covert observation?
What is a covert observation?
Which variable is manipulated by the researcher in an experiment?
Which variable is manipulated by the researcher in an experiment?
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What is a matched pairs design?
What is a matched pairs design?
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What is qualitative data?
What is qualitative data?
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What characterizes a directional hypothesis?
What characterizes a directional hypothesis?
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What is standard deviation a measure of?
What is standard deviation a measure of?
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Study Notes
Key Definitions
- Case study: A detailed investigation of a specific person, group, or event, producing extensive qualitative data.
- Content analysis: A research method used to identify patterns or themes in qualitative data.
- Ecological validity: The degree to which study results can be generalised to real-life settings.
- Demand characteristics: Changes in participant behaviour due to awareness of being studied.
Experimental Designs
- Repeated measures design: The same participants are tested in each condition of an experiment.
- Independent groups design: Different participants are used in each experimental condition.
- Matched pairs design: Participants in different groups are matched based on key characteristics.
Observations
- Covert observation: Participants are unaware they are being observed, reducing demand characteristics but potentially raising ethical issues.
- Overt observation: Participants are aware of being observed, ensuring informed consent.
Variables and Hypotheses
- Independent variable: The variable manipulated by the researcher to observe its effects.
- Dependent variable: The variable measured to assess the impact of the independent variable.
- Confounding variable: An extraneous variable influencing the results due to its relationship with the independent variable.
- Directional hypothesis: A prediction specifying the direction of the effect (e.g., X will increase Y).
- Naturalistic observation: Observing participants in their natural environment, improving ecological validity.
Data Handling
- Standard deviation: A measure of how much scores deviate from the mean.
- Mean: The average of a dataset.
- Qualitative data: Non-numerical data. Examples include text or video.
- Quantitative data: Numerical data. Examples include height or weight.
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Description
This quiz covers key definitions and experimental designs used in psychology, including case studies, content analysis, and different observation methods. Test your understanding of research concepts and their applicability in real-world scenarios.
