Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is one of the primary goals of developmental scientists?
What is one of the primary goals of developmental scientists?
- To predict adult behavior based on childhood experiences
- To manipulate child behavior for experimental purposes
- To understand how infants grow and change with age (correct)
- To create toys that enhance child development
Which challenge is commonly faced when conducting research with infants and children?
Which challenge is commonly faced when conducting research with infants and children?
- Infants cannot be easily instructed to follow tasks (correct)
- Children often lie during research interviews
- Infants have a wide range of language skills
- Data from adults is typically easier to analyze
What characterizes the cognitive abilities of young children compared to older children and adults?
What characterizes the cognitive abilities of young children compared to older children and adults?
- Young children understand search patterns better than adults
- Young children exhibit adult-like problem-solving skills
- Young children display a lack of cognitive sophistication (correct)
- Young children have advanced strategic thinking
How do children's games contribute to developmental research?
How do children's games contribute to developmental research?
What aspect of research designs is important to consider in developmental psychology?
What aspect of research designs is important to consider in developmental psychology?
Why might future generations of developmental scientists find the field interesting?
Why might future generations of developmental scientists find the field interesting?
What is a unique aspect of studying infants and children in developmental psychology?
What is a unique aspect of studying infants and children in developmental psychology?
What can be inferred about the research methods used in developmental psychology?
What can be inferred about the research methods used in developmental psychology?
What is a common challenge researchers face when studying very young infants?
What is a common challenge researchers face when studying very young infants?
Which of the following best describes involuntary or obligatory responses in infants?
Which of the following best describes involuntary or obligatory responses in infants?
What is the main goal of habituation procedures in infant research?
What is the main goal of habituation procedures in infant research?
What does the phenomenon of dishabituation signify in infant studies?
What does the phenomenon of dishabituation signify in infant studies?
In Baillargeon's study on object permanence, what did the impossible scenario demonstrate?
In Baillargeon's study on object permanence, what did the impossible scenario demonstrate?
What type of research technique is used to assess beliefs and perceptions in older children?
What type of research technique is used to assess beliefs and perceptions in older children?
What is the significance of studying infants' eye movements?
What is the significance of studying infants' eye movements?
Which research design is primarily used to observe age-related changes in infants?
Which research design is primarily used to observe age-related changes in infants?
Why do researchers use psychophysiological responses in infant research?
Why do researchers use psychophysiological responses in infant research?
What aspect of infant responsiveness does the concept of object permanence relate to?
What aspect of infant responsiveness does the concept of object permanence relate to?
Which response pattern is most commonly observed in infants when they hear their mother's voice?
Which response pattern is most commonly observed in infants when they hear their mother's voice?
Which of the following is NOT a method used for studying infants and children?
Which of the following is NOT a method used for studying infants and children?
What does the solidity principle refer to in developmental psychology research?
What does the solidity principle refer to in developmental psychology research?
What does the N170 peak indicate in brainwave recordings?
What does the N170 peak indicate in brainwave recordings?
How does the prN170 peak differ in children with autism compared to typically developing children when presented with faces?
How does the prN170 peak differ in children with autism compared to typically developing children when presented with faces?
What type of data do developmental psychologists frequently collect from parents?
What type of data do developmental psychologists frequently collect from parents?
What does the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) aim to identify?
What does the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) aim to identify?
What effect of maternal stress during pregnancy was identified in a study using the CBCL-Preschool questionnaire?
What effect of maternal stress during pregnancy was identified in a study using the CBCL-Preschool questionnaire?
What is common about the responses of typically developing children when they see faces versus objects?
What is common about the responses of typically developing children when they see faces versus objects?
What method do researchers use to collect children's thoughts and beliefs about moral dilemmas?
What method do researchers use to collect children's thoughts and beliefs about moral dilemmas?
What does the latency of the response refer to in the context of brainwave recordings?
What does the latency of the response refer to in the context of brainwave recordings?
Which of the following is an example of a verbal report paradigm?
Which of the following is an example of a verbal report paradigm?
What characteristic of typically developing children was measured regarding the prN170 peak?
What characteristic of typically developing children was measured regarding the prN170 peak?
Why do researchers collect parent-report data?
Why do researchers collect parent-report data?
What is commonly examined alongside behavioral data in developmental research?
What is commonly examined alongside behavioral data in developmental research?
How are findings related to children with autism's processing of faces different from those of typically developing children?
How are findings related to children with autism's processing of faces different from those of typically developing children?
What kind of peaks do researchers specifically look for in brainwave studies related to face and object processing?
What kind of peaks do researchers specifically look for in brainwave studies related to face and object processing?
What is the main purpose of the elicited imitation procedure in studying infants?
What is the main purpose of the elicited imitation procedure in studying infants?
At what age do infants remember one step of a three-step event sequence for 24 hours?
At what age do infants remember one step of a three-step event sequence for 24 hours?
Which of the following best describes voluntary responses?
Which of the following best describes voluntary responses?
Which measurement technique helps researchers understand the relationship between brain development and behavior?
Which measurement technique helps researchers understand the relationship between brain development and behavior?
What can influence how researchers study recall memory in infants?
What can influence how researchers study recall memory in infants?
Which age group of infants shows the ability to remember individual steps of a two-step event sequence for one month?
Which age group of infants shows the ability to remember individual steps of a two-step event sequence for one month?
What is NOT a measure typically collected in psychophysiological studies regarding infants?
What is NOT a measure typically collected in psychophysiological studies regarding infants?
Which sequence of actions is part of the two-step event called 'Find the Surprise'?
Which sequence of actions is part of the two-step event called 'Find the Surprise'?
How do researchers typically assess recall memory in children and infants?
How do researchers typically assess recall memory in children and infants?
What aspect of infant behavior is studied more effectively as they age?
What aspect of infant behavior is studied more effectively as they age?
When are infants likely to remember the individual steps and the temporal order of four-step events for at least 12 months?
When are infants likely to remember the individual steps and the temporal order of four-step events for at least 12 months?
Which of the following is a common method for studying infants' reactions to stimuli?
Which of the following is a common method for studying infants' reactions to stimuli?
What behavior did the woman in the example demonstrate to illustrate voluntary responses?
What behavior did the woman in the example demonstrate to illustrate voluntary responses?
What type of data is typically combined with behavioral data to understand the interactions between biology and behavior?
What type of data is typically combined with behavioral data to understand the interactions between biology and behavior?
What is a recommended strategy for researchers conducting studies with infants and young children?
What is a recommended strategy for researchers conducting studies with infants and young children?
Why are infants and young children less likely to participate in research for reasons such as money or course credit?
Why are infants and young children less likely to participate in research for reasons such as money or course credit?
What impact does providing breaks during research sessions have on the data collected?
What impact does providing breaks during research sessions have on the data collected?
Which factor should researchers consider when designing studies involving children's behavior?
Which factor should researchers consider when designing studies involving children's behavior?
Which of the following research questions would not be appropriate for developmental scientists to investigate?
Which of the following research questions would not be appropriate for developmental scientists to investigate?
Why are infants and young children considered more vulnerable participants in research?
Why are infants and young children considered more vulnerable participants in research?
What process is typically used to obtain consent for research involving infants and young children?
What process is typically used to obtain consent for research involving infants and young children?
What is a common method researchers use to recruit infants and young children?
What is a common method researchers use to recruit infants and young children?
What is a major ethical consideration in research involving infants and young children?
What is a major ethical consideration in research involving infants and young children?
How do high attrition rates in studies involving infants and young children typically occur?
How do high attrition rates in studies involving infants and young children typically occur?
In what scenario might researchers choose to use a recruitment agency?
In what scenario might researchers choose to use a recruitment agency?
What defines the informed consent process for participants who are parents of child participants?
What defines the informed consent process for participants who are parents of child participants?
Which characteristic is essential for developmental scientists when designing studies for minors?
Which characteristic is essential for developmental scientists when designing studies for minors?
Why might researchers choose to post recruitment advertisements in public places?
Why might researchers choose to post recruitment advertisements in public places?
At what age can children begin to provide assent for participation in research?
At what age can children begin to provide assent for participation in research?
What type of methods do researchers often use to communicate with potential participants?
What type of methods do researchers often use to communicate with potential participants?
What is a common reason for the higher attrition rates in studies involving infants?
What is a common reason for the higher attrition rates in studies involving infants?
Why do researchers often need special accommodations for child participants?
Why do researchers often need special accommodations for child participants?
What is an ethical requirement related to research involving minors?
What is an ethical requirement related to research involving minors?
What is a primary limitation of cross-sectional research designs?
What is a primary limitation of cross-sectional research designs?
How do sequential research designs differ from cross-sectional designs?
How do sequential research designs differ from cross-sectional designs?
What advantage do sequential research designs have over longitudinal designs?
What advantage do sequential research designs have over longitudinal designs?
What does a sequential design allow researchers to examine that cross-sectional design does not?
What does a sequential design allow researchers to examine that cross-sectional design does not?
What may be a drawback of sequential research designs regarding data collection?
What may be a drawback of sequential research designs regarding data collection?
What is the primary focus of longitudinal research designs?
What is the primary focus of longitudinal research designs?
What key factor distinguishes cohort effects in research?
What key factor distinguishes cohort effects in research?
Which research design might show that 6-year-olds are better hiders than 2-year-olds, but cannot conclude about developmental progress?
Which research design might show that 6-year-olds are better hiders than 2-year-olds, but cannot conclude about developmental progress?
Which of the following best describes cohort effects in longitudinal research?
Which of the following best describes cohort effects in longitudinal research?
What is one reason researchers might choose a cross-sectional design?
What is one reason researchers might choose a cross-sectional design?
What is a drawback of longitudinal studies related to participant retention?
What is a drawback of longitudinal studies related to participant retention?
How do cross-sectional research designs differ from longitudinal designs?
How do cross-sectional research designs differ from longitudinal designs?
In sequential research, how is data across groups gathered at different times significant?
In sequential research, how is data across groups gathered at different times significant?
What does an example of longitudinal design provide that cross-sectional designs do not?
What does an example of longitudinal design provide that cross-sectional designs do not?
What unexpected improvement might occur in longitudinal studies due to practice effects?
What unexpected improvement might occur in longitudinal studies due to practice effects?
What could potentially complicate research when working with infants and children?
What could potentially complicate research when working with infants and children?
What type of information do researchers typically collect through verbal reports?
What type of information do researchers typically collect through verbal reports?
Which research design is best suited for analyzing changes in behavior over time within the same subjects?
Which research design is best suited for analyzing changes in behavior over time within the same subjects?
What is a characteristic of practice effects in research design?
What is a characteristic of practice effects in research design?
What kind of changes does cross-sectional research primarily examine?
What kind of changes does cross-sectional research primarily examine?
Why might researchers opt for sequential research designs over other methods?
Why might researchers opt for sequential research designs over other methods?
What is the reason why practice effects may still occur in sequential designs?
What is the reason why practice effects may still occur in sequential designs?
Which limitation involves the cost and time commitment of maintaining participant interactions in a study?
Which limitation involves the cost and time commitment of maintaining participant interactions in a study?
In a longitudinal study exploring the development of hiders in hide-and-seek, what age range is being compared?
In a longitudinal study exploring the development of hiders in hide-and-seek, what age range is being compared?
What is a common occurrence in longitudinal research that poses a risk to data integrity?
What is a common occurrence in longitudinal research that poses a risk to data integrity?
Which of the following best illustrates a practice effect?
Which of the following best illustrates a practice effect?
What insight can be gained through studying games like hide-and-seek over time?
What insight can be gained through studying games like hide-and-seek over time?
In the context of research, what primarily distinguishes qualitative research designs?
In the context of research, what primarily distinguishes qualitative research designs?
Flashcards
Developmental Psychology
Developmental Psychology
The scientific study of how and why humans change over time.
Research Methods in Infant Development
Research Methods in Infant Development
Techniques specifically designed to study infants and children's understanding of the world.
Research Designs
Research Designs
Specific plans for conducting research to investigate age-related changes.
Infant/Child Development Challenges
Infant/Child Development Challenges
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Hide-and-Seek Example
Hide-and-Seek Example
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Cognitive Sophistication
Cognitive Sophistication
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Children's Play
Children's Play
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Tailored research methods
Tailored research methods
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Habituation
Habituation
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Dishabituation
Dishabituation
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Object Permanence
Object Permanence
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Violation of Expectation
Violation of Expectation
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Involuntary Responses
Involuntary Responses
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Solidity Principle
Solidity Principle
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Research Methods for Infants
Research Methods for Infants
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Habituation Study (Baillargeon)
Habituation Study (Baillargeon)
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Eye Movements
Eye Movements
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Voluntary Responses
Voluntary Responses
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Psychophysiological Responses
Psychophysiological Responses
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Surveys/Questionnaires
Surveys/Questionnaires
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Interview Techniques
Interview Techniques
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Object Permanence in Infants
Object Permanence in Infants
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Recall Memory
Recall Memory
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Elicited Imitation
Elicited Imitation
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Find the Surprise
Find the Surprise
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Event-Related Potentials (ERPs)
Event-Related Potentials (ERPs)
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Psychophysiological Data
Psychophysiological Data
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6-month-old memory
6-month-old memory
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9-month-old memory
9-month-old memory
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20-month-old memory
20-month-old memory
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Brain Development & Behavior Link
Brain Development & Behavior Link
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EEG Cap
EEG Cap
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Behavioral Methods in Child Development
Behavioral Methods in Child Development
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Infants Playing with Toys
Infants Playing with Toys
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Elicited Imitation Procedure
Elicited Imitation Procedure
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Research Methods
Research Methods
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Within-Individual Change
Within-Individual Change
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Between-Group Change
Between-Group Change
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Longitudinal Research Design
Longitudinal Research Design
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Cross-Sectional Research Design
Cross-Sectional Research Design
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Attrition in Longitudinal Studies
Attrition in Longitudinal Studies
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Practice Effects in Longitudinal Studies
Practice Effects in Longitudinal Studies
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Cohort Effects in Longitudinal Studies
Cohort Effects in Longitudinal Studies
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Novel Hiding Locations
Novel Hiding Locations
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Stability vs. Change
Stability vs. Change
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Longitudinal Study Costs
Longitudinal Study Costs
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Advantages of Cross-Sectional Design
Advantages of Cross-Sectional Design
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Limitations of Cross-Sectional Design
Limitations of Cross-Sectional Design
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Choosing Research Methods
Choosing Research Methods
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N170
N170
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prN170
prN170
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Amplitude
Amplitude
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Latency
Latency
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Autism Spectrum Disorders
Autism Spectrum Disorders
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Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL)
Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL)
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Parent-report data
Parent-report data
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Prenatal stress
Prenatal stress
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Verbal report paradigms
Verbal report paradigms
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Moral dilemma
Moral dilemma
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Vignette
Vignette
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Developmental delays
Developmental delays
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Face Processing
Face Processing
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Object Processing
Object Processing
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Typical Development
Typical Development
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Cross-Sectional Design
Cross-Sectional Design
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Longitudinal Design
Longitudinal Design
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Sequential Design
Sequential Design
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Cohort Effects
Cohort Effects
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Practice Effects
Practice Effects
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Attrition
Attrition
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Age-Related Change
Age-Related Change
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Developmental Change
Developmental Change
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Ethical Concerns
Ethical Concerns
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Infant/Child Recruitment
Infant/Child Recruitment
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Cost-Effective
Cost-Effective
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Rapid Data Collection
Rapid Data Collection
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Practice Effects Limitation
Practice Effects Limitation
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Cohort Effects Limitation
Cohort Effects Limitation
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Time and Effort
Time and Effort
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Short Studies for Infants
Short Studies for Infants
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Breaks in Infant Studies
Breaks in Infant Studies
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Factors Influencing Hiding Behavior
Factors Influencing Hiding Behavior
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Long-Term Cognitive Impact of Hiding
Long-Term Cognitive Impact of Hiding
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Developmental Research Questions
Developmental Research Questions
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IRB
IRB
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Vulnerable Participants
Vulnerable Participants
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Informed Consent
Informed Consent
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Assent
Assent
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ERP Studies
ERP Studies
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Recruitment Challenges in Developmental Research
Recruitment Challenges in Developmental Research
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Birth Records
Birth Records
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Recruitment Agencies
Recruitment Agencies
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Economic Recruitment Methods
Economic Recruitment Methods
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Social Media Recruitment
Social Media Recruitment
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IRB Approval
IRB Approval
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Motivation and Attrition
Motivation and Attrition
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Task Demands and Attrition
Task Demands and Attrition
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Higher Attrition Rates in Developmental Science
Higher Attrition Rates in Developmental Science
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Study Notes
Research Methods in Developmental Psychology
- Developmental scientists study how infants and children know the world and how they change with age.
- Developmental research informs parenting, education, and policy.
- Research methods must be tailored to infants and children's abilities.
- Research methods are categorized as follows: involuntary/obligatory, voluntary, and psychophysiological responses, and surveys/questionnaires.
Involuntary/Obligatory Responses
- Infants have limited motor control, necessitating methods assessing involuntary responses.
- Habituation is a method where infants are repeatedly presented with a stimulus until they lose interest. Dishabituation is the renewed interest in a novel stimulus.
- Infants typically look longer at novel stimuli, making habituation a useful technique.
- Object permanence, the understanding that objects exist even when unseen, was investigated using a violation-of-expectation paradigm.
- Infants were shown possible and impossible scenarios involving an opaque screen and box, revealing early understanding of object permanence.
Voluntary Responses
- As infant/child age increases, researchers can study voluntary responses.
- Voluntary responses are actions under one's control, such as toy choices during play.
- Recall memory, memory of past events, is studied through elicited imitation in infants and children.
- Elicited imitation involves infants playing with novel toys and then having their recall of the events in the toys assessed.
- Infants' recall memory develops with age; 6-month-olds can recall one step and 20-month-olds 4.
Psychophysiological Responses
- Psychophysiological data (heart rate, hormone levels, brain activity) helps understand the link between biology and behavior.
- Event-related potentials (ERPs) record brain activity in response to stimuli. This involves electrode caps.
- ERPs are amplified to reveal squiggly lines with peaks and valleys.
- The N170 peak in ERPs is sensitive to faces, as it is more negative when participants see faces compared to objects.
- Studies using ERPs have examined face and object processing differences in children with autism spectrum disorders.
Parent-Report Questionnaires
- Parents provide information to answer research questions.
- The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) is a parent-report questionnaire assessing child strengths, behavior problems, disabilities, etc.
- Studies using the CBCL have examined maternal stress during pregnancy and its relationship to later child behavior issues.
Interview Techniques
- Older children and adults can verbalize thoughts/beliefs.
- Researchers present moral dilemmas (e.g., "Mr. Kohut's wife") and ask for perspectives.
- Interview data provides insights into children's experiences.
Research Designs
- Research design is the strategy for collecting and analyzing data.
- Two main comparisons in developmental research include change within individuals and change between groups.
- Longitudinal designs track the same individuals over time (measuring change within).
- Cross-sectional designs compare different age groups at the same time (measuring differences between)
- Sequential designs combine both longitudinal and cross-sectional approaches.
Challenges in Developmental Research
- Ethical concerns: IRBs review research proposals, protecting the vulnerable. Infants require parental consent.
- Recruitment: Obtaining infant/child participants can be complex and costly.
- Attrition: Participants dropping out of longitudinal studies is a common concern.
Conclusions
- Developmental research necessitates careful method selection, appropriate design, and awareness of unique challenges.
- The field continues to explore many developmental aspects.
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Description
Explore the various research methods used in studying developmental psychology, focusing on how infants and children perceive and respond to the world around them. This quiz covers key concepts such as habituation, dishabituation, and object permanence, demonstrating the importance of tailored methods for assessing developmental changes.
