Research Methods in Communication

Study Notes

Research Methods and Science, Media, and Communication

Quantitative Research

Quantitative research is a method of research that involves numerical data. This type of research can include surveys, experiments, and statistical analysis. It is used to understand and measure the relationship between variables. For example, a researcher might use quantitative research to investigate the relationship between social media use and mental health outcomes.

Research Process

Quantitative research follows a specific process:

Conceptualize: Develop the research question.
Plan and Design: Select the method of evaluation and design the study.
Implement a Methodology: Collect data using surveys, experiments, or other methods.
Analyze and Interpret: Analyze the data to find meaning.
Reconceptualize: Evaluate how the findings contribute to the existing body of knowledge.

Qualitative Research

Qualitative research is a method of research that involves non-numerical data, such as text, images, or videos. This type of research is used to understand the meanings and interpretations of social phenomena. For example, a researcher might use qualitative research to investigate the meaning of a particular hashtag on social media.

Research Process

Qualitative research follows a similar process as quantitative research:

Conceptualize: Develop the research question.
Plan and Design: Select the method of evaluation and design the study.
Implement a Methodology: Collect data through interviews, focus groups, or other methods.
Analyze and Interpret: Analyze the data to find meaning.
Reconceptualize: Evaluate how the findings contribute to the existing body of knowledge.

Research Ethics

Research ethics refer to the moral principles that guide the conduct of research. These principles include:

Respect for participants' rights and dignity
Informed consent
Confidentiality
Avoiding harm

Researchers must ensure that their research is conducted in an ethical manner, taking into account the potential risks and benefits for the participants.

Communication Models

Communication models are theoretical frameworks that help to explain the process of communication. These models can be used to guide research in the field of communication. Examples of communication models include:

Shannon and Weaver's Model
Social Penetration Theory
Uses and Gratifications Theory

Scientific Theory

Scientific theory is a set of principles and concepts that help to explain a particular phenomenon. In the field of communication, scientific theories can be used to guide research and understanding of communication processes. Examples of scientific theories in communication include:

Social Penetration Theory
Uses and Gratifications Theory
Social Influence Theory
Media Effects Theory

Media Literacy

Media literacy refers to the ability to critically analyze and interpret media content. This skill is important for understanding the role of media in society and for making informed decisions about media use. Media literacy can be developed through education and training programs.

Key Components of Media Literacy

Media literacy involves understanding the following components:

Content: Understanding the messages and information conveyed by media.
Form: Understanding the technical aspects of media, such as visual style and language use.
Context: Understanding the social, cultural, and historical contexts in which media is produced and consumed.
Purpose: Understanding the reasons why media is produced and the intended audiences.
Impact: Understanding the effects of media on individuals and society as a whole.