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Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology
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Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology

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Questions and Answers

What was the real name of the patient treated by Josef Breuer for hysteria?

  • Sigmund Freud
  • Lisa T.
  • Anna Freud
  • Bertha Pappenheim (correct)

    • In correlational research, it is possible to conclude that one variable causes a change in another variable.

    False

    What type of relationship does correlational research measure?

    The strength and direction of a relationship between variables.

    A quasi-experimental study cannot establish a ____________ relationship between two variables.

    <p>cause-and-effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their correct descriptions:

    <p>Correlational research = Measures the strength and direction of a relationship between variables Quasi-experimental study = Can provide evidence of a cause-and-effect relationship Josef Breuer = Psychoanalyst who treated Anna O. Hysteria = A condition treated by Breuer in the late 1800s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a hypothesis in research?

    <p>A specific, testable statement proposing an explanation for a phenomenon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypothesis testing involves using sample data to evaluate a theory applicable to a population.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of quantitative research methods?

    <p>To confirm hypotheses about phenomena.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quantitative research methods typically use ______ format questions to gather data.

    <p>close-ended</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following research terms with their definitions:

    <p>Hypothesis = A testable prediction about a phenomenon Hypothesis Testing = A systematic procedure for evaluating study results Quantitative Research = Research that emphasizes numerical data Close-ended Questions = Questions that provide specific response options</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do quantitative research methods primarily seek to do?

    <p>Predict causal relationships and quantify variation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Structured observations are not part of quantitative research methods.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data format is primarily used in quantitative methods?

    <p>Numerical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the core principles outlined in the Belmont Report?

    <p>Transparency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The principle of non-maleficence seeks to maximize potential harms to research subjects.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is informed consent in the context of research ethics?

    <p>A person's voluntary agreement to participate in a procedure based on their understanding of its nature, benefits, risks, and alternatives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The principle of __________ involves treating all individuals with fairness, equality, and impartiality.

    <p>justice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the ethical principles of research with their definitions:

    <p>Autonomy = Giving people the right to make their own decisions Beneficence = Minimizing harm and maximizing benefits Non-maleficence = Avoiding harm to individuals Justice = Treating individuals with fairness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of Descriptive Research?

    <p>To describe the current status of variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Experimental Research aims to describe the current status of individual variables.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Case Study?

    <p>A method used in investigating intensively one or more individuals who display behavioral and physical patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Descriptive Research involves studying the current status of individual variables for a specific group of __________.

    <p>individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of Experimental Research?

    <p>It demonstrates and explains relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the research strategy with its purpose:

    <p>Descriptive Research = To describe the current status of variables Experimental Research = To demonstrate cause-and-effect relationships Case Study = To investigate individual cases intensively Correlational Research = To study relationships without explaining cause</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Correlational Research seeks to explain the cause of relationships between variables.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of research strategy is used to study individual behaviors and patterns intensively?

    <p>Case Study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary duty of the Institutional Review Board (IRB)?

    <p>To protect the rights and welfare of human research subjects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Research participants have the right to be protected from both physical and psychological harm.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What document do participants sign prior to the start of a research study?

    <p>Informed Consent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The IRB has the authority to __________ or __________ research involving human participants.

    <p>approve, disapprove</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should investigators seek opinions from others regarding research that may cause harm?

    <p>When they are uncertain about potential harmful effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Institutional Review Board (IRB) = Administers the rights of research participants Informed Consent = Document signed prior to study initiation Research Participants = Individuals involved in the research Harm Protection = Ensuring safety from physical or psychological harm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may the IRB require from researchers before approving a study?

    <p>Modifications to the research protocol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern of the IRB regarding research activities?

    <p>The welfare and rights of human subjects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology

    • Hypothesis: A testable statement predicting a phenomenon or explaining observations. It's a starting point for investigation, potentially verified or refuted through research.

    • Hypothesis Testing: A systematic process using sample data to evaluate a hypothesis about a population. It involves designing a study to assess the validity of the prediction.

    • Quantitative Research: Aims to confirm hypotheses using structured methods (questionnaires, surveys) to quantify variations and predict relationships. Data is numerical and typically focuses on close-ended questions. The goal is often to describe population characteristics and explore relationships between variables, including causal links.

    • Descriptive Research: Focuses on characterizing the current state of variables in a specific group, without manipulating variables or exploring causal relationships. The goal is simply to describe the observed characteristics.

    • Experimental Research: Seeks to establish cause-and-effect relationships between variables by systematically manipulating an independent variable and measuring its effect on a dependent variable.

    • Quasi-Experimental Research: Investigates cause-and-effect relationships but without the rigorous control of a true experiment, often due to practical or ethical limitations.

    • Correlational Research: Examines the strength and direction of relationships between variables without manipulating them. It cannot determine causality – only the degree of association. Correlation does not equal causation.

    • Case Study: An in-depth investigation of one or more individuals. Provides rich qualitative data but lacks generalizability to wider populations and is vulnerable to researcher bias. The "Anna O." case is a classic example.

    Ethical Guidelines in Research

    • The Belmont Report (1979): Established core ethical principles for human subjects research:

      • Respect for Persons: Acknowledging individuals' autonomy and right to make informed decisions.
      • Beneficence: Minimizing potential harm and maximizing benefits.
      • Justice: Fairly distributing benefits and risks among participants.

    • Basic Ethical Principles:

      • Autonomy: Respecting individual decision-making.
      • Beneficence: Actively promoting the well-being of participants.
      • Non-maleficence: Avoiding harm to participants.
      • Justice: Ensuring fair and equitable treatment.

    • Informed Consent: A crucial ethical requirement where participants voluntarily agree to participate after being fully informed about the study's nature, potential risks and benefits, and alternative options. Participants must be given the opportunity to withdraw at any time.

    • Institutional Review Board (IRB): A committee reviewing research involving humans to ensure ethical conduct and protection of participants' rights, welfare and privacy. It approves, modifies or disapproves research protocols.

    • Rights of Research Participants: Include protection from harm and the right to withdraw from a study at any time without penalty.

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    Related Documents

    Chapter 5_Research Methods in Studying Abnormal Behavior.pdf

    Description

    This quiz explores various research methods used in abnormal psychology, including hypothesis formulation, hypothesis testing, and the roles of quantitative and descriptive research. You'll learn how these methods contribute to understanding psychological phenomena and evaluating research findings.

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