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Questions and Answers
What was the real name of the patient treated by Josef Breuer for hysteria?
What was the real name of the patient treated by Josef Breuer for hysteria?
- Sigmund Freud
- Lisa T.
- Anna Freud
- Bertha Pappenheim (correct)
In correlational research, it is possible to conclude that one variable causes a change in another variable.
In correlational research, it is possible to conclude that one variable causes a change in another variable.
False (B)
What type of relationship does correlational research measure?
What type of relationship does correlational research measure?
The strength and direction of a relationship between variables.
A quasi-experimental study cannot establish a ____________ relationship between two variables.
A quasi-experimental study cannot establish a ____________ relationship between two variables.
Match the following terms with their correct descriptions:
Match the following terms with their correct descriptions:
What is a hypothesis in research?
What is a hypothesis in research?
Hypothesis testing involves using sample data to evaluate a theory applicable to a population.
Hypothesis testing involves using sample data to evaluate a theory applicable to a population.
What is the primary goal of quantitative research methods?
What is the primary goal of quantitative research methods?
Quantitative research methods typically use ______ format questions to gather data.
Quantitative research methods typically use ______ format questions to gather data.
Match the following research terms with their definitions:
Match the following research terms with their definitions:
What do quantitative research methods primarily seek to do?
What do quantitative research methods primarily seek to do?
Structured observations are not part of quantitative research methods.
Structured observations are not part of quantitative research methods.
What type of data format is primarily used in quantitative methods?
What type of data format is primarily used in quantitative methods?
Which of the following is NOT one of the core principles outlined in the Belmont Report?
Which of the following is NOT one of the core principles outlined in the Belmont Report?
The principle of non-maleficence seeks to maximize potential harms to research subjects.
The principle of non-maleficence seeks to maximize potential harms to research subjects.
What is informed consent in the context of research ethics?
What is informed consent in the context of research ethics?
The principle of __________ involves treating all individuals with fairness, equality, and impartiality.
The principle of __________ involves treating all individuals with fairness, equality, and impartiality.
Match the ethical principles of research with their definitions:
Match the ethical principles of research with their definitions:
What is the primary purpose of Descriptive Research?
What is the primary purpose of Descriptive Research?
Experimental Research aims to describe the current status of individual variables.
Experimental Research aims to describe the current status of individual variables.
What is a Case Study?
What is a Case Study?
Descriptive Research involves studying the current status of individual variables for a specific group of __________.
Descriptive Research involves studying the current status of individual variables for a specific group of __________.
What is the main characteristic of Experimental Research?
What is the main characteristic of Experimental Research?
Match the research strategy with its purpose:
Match the research strategy with its purpose:
Correlational Research seeks to explain the cause of relationships between variables.
Correlational Research seeks to explain the cause of relationships between variables.
What type of research strategy is used to study individual behaviors and patterns intensively?
What type of research strategy is used to study individual behaviors and patterns intensively?
What is the primary duty of the Institutional Review Board (IRB)?
What is the primary duty of the Institutional Review Board (IRB)?
Research participants have the right to be protected from both physical and psychological harm.
Research participants have the right to be protected from both physical and psychological harm.
What document do participants sign prior to the start of a research study?
What document do participants sign prior to the start of a research study?
The IRB has the authority to __________ or __________ research involving human participants.
The IRB has the authority to __________ or __________ research involving human participants.
When should investigators seek opinions from others regarding research that may cause harm?
When should investigators seek opinions from others regarding research that may cause harm?
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
What may the IRB require from researchers before approving a study?
What may the IRB require from researchers before approving a study?
What is the primary concern of the IRB regarding research activities?
What is the primary concern of the IRB regarding research activities?
Study Notes
Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology
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Hypothesis: A testable statement predicting a phenomenon or explaining observations. It's a starting point for investigation, potentially verified or refuted through research.
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Hypothesis Testing: A systematic process using sample data to evaluate a hypothesis about a population. It involves designing a study to assess the validity of the prediction.
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Quantitative Research: Aims to confirm hypotheses using structured methods (questionnaires, surveys) to quantify variations and predict relationships. Data is numerical and typically focuses on close-ended questions. The goal is often to describe population characteristics and explore relationships between variables, including causal links.
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Descriptive Research: Focuses on characterizing the current state of variables in a specific group, without manipulating variables or exploring causal relationships. The goal is simply to describe the observed characteristics.
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Experimental Research: Seeks to establish cause-and-effect relationships between variables by systematically manipulating an independent variable and measuring its effect on a dependent variable.
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Quasi-Experimental Research: Investigates cause-and-effect relationships but without the rigorous control of a true experiment, often due to practical or ethical limitations.
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Correlational Research: Examines the strength and direction of relationships between variables without manipulating them. It cannot determine causality – only the degree of association. Correlation does not equal causation.
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Case Study: An in-depth investigation of one or more individuals. Provides rich qualitative data but lacks generalizability to wider populations and is vulnerable to researcher bias. The "Anna O." case is a classic example.
Ethical Guidelines in Research
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The Belmont Report (1979): Established core ethical principles for human subjects research:
- Respect for Persons: Acknowledging individuals' autonomy and right to make informed decisions.
- Beneficence: Minimizing potential harm and maximizing benefits.
- Justice: Fairly distributing benefits and risks among participants.
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Basic Ethical Principles:
- Autonomy: Respecting individual decision-making.
- Beneficence: Actively promoting the well-being of participants.
- Non-maleficence: Avoiding harm to participants.
- Justice: Ensuring fair and equitable treatment.
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Informed Consent: A crucial ethical requirement where participants voluntarily agree to participate after being fully informed about the study's nature, potential risks and benefits, and alternative options. Participants must be given the opportunity to withdraw at any time.
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Institutional Review Board (IRB): A committee reviewing research involving humans to ensure ethical conduct and protection of participants' rights, welfare and privacy. It approves, modifies or disapproves research protocols.
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Rights of Research Participants: Include protection from harm and the right to withdraw from a study at any time without penalty.
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Description
This quiz explores various research methods used in abnormal psychology, including hypothesis formulation, hypothesis testing, and the roles of quantitative and descriptive research. You'll learn how these methods contribute to understanding psychological phenomena and evaluating research findings.
