Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of basic research?
What is the primary purpose of basic research?
Which of the following best defines construct validity?
Which of the following best defines construct validity?
What is the main difference between primary and secondary sources of information?
What is the main difference between primary and secondary sources of information?
A Type I error in hypothesis testing occurs when which of the following happens?
A Type I error in hypothesis testing occurs when which of the following happens?
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What type of research method is primarily concerned with observing and describing the current state of affairs?
What type of research method is primarily concerned with observing and describing the current state of affairs?
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Which statement accurately describes external validity?
Which statement accurately describes external validity?
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Which type of research is characterized by the manipulation of variables to observe effects?
Which type of research is characterized by the manipulation of variables to observe effects?
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What does the Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient measure?
What does the Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient measure?
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Study Notes
Cumulative Section
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Basic vs. Applied Research:
- Basic research expands fundamental knowledge of natural phenomena.
- Applied research solves practical problems or answers specific questions.
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Sources of Information:
- Primary sources provide detailed descriptions of collected data and analyses.
- Secondary sources summarize or interpret information.
Validities
- Construct Validity: Measures how well variables are measured and manipulated.
- Statistical Validity: Evaluates the strength of numerical support for a claim.
- Internal Validity (12 covered in class): Assesses whether a variable (A) influences another variable (B) rather than other factors.
- External Validity: Determines the generalizability of study results to a larger population.
- Reliability vs. Validity: Reliability refers to consistency, while validity addresses accuracy in measurement.
Research Methods
- Descriptive Research: Describes the current state of affairs.
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Correlational Research: Measures relationships between two or more variables.
- Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient is a common tool to measure these relationships.
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Experimental Research: Actively creates or manipulates situations to study variables.
- Hypothesis testing is crucial in experimental designs.
Hypothesis Testing
- Null Hypothesis: Assumes no effect, relationship, or difference.
- Alpha (Significance Level): Probability of making a Type I error.
- p-value: Calculated probability of observed results occurring by chance under the null hypothesis.
- Type I Error: Rejecting the null hypothesis when it's true.
- Type II Error: Failing to reject the null hypothesis when it's false.
Study Design
- Between-Subjects Design: Participants are assigned to different groups, each experiencing only one level of the independent variable.
- Within-Subjects Design: Same participants experience all levels of the independent variable.
- Mixed Designs: Combine elements of both between-subjects and within-subjects designs.
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Description
This quiz covers essential concepts in research, including basic vs. applied research, sources of information, and the different types of validity. It explores key terms such as construct validity, statistical validity, and the importance of reliability in research methods. Test your understanding of these vital topics in research design.
