Research Methods and Techniques Quiz

Questions and Answers

What type of data is primarily utilized in quantitative research?

Numerical data (correct)

Non-numerical observations

Words and narratives

Emotional responses

What is the main focus of exploratory research?

Understanding the subjective experiences of individuals

Determining the specific causes of a relationship

Evaluating how reasonable it is to conduct further studies (correct)

Quantifying data for statistical analysis

Which research approach is characterized by its use of qualitative data in natural settings?

Triangulation approach

Naturalistic approach (correct)

Quantitative approach

Structured research

What aspect of research does the triangulation approach emphasize?

Combining multiple research methods Signup and view all the answers

What do observational checklists primarily assist with in research?

Indicating the existence of relationships between variables Signup and view all the answers

What type of data does explanatory research primarily deal with?

Reasons and relationships of factors Signup and view all the answers

Which method is NOT typically associated with quantitative research?

Unstructured interviews Signup and view all the answers

How does a naturalistic approach differ from structured research methods?

It is conducted in a natural setting Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of quantitative research?

To predict and establish facts Signup and view all the answers

Which mathematical operations are commonly used in quantitative research?

Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division Signup and view all the answers

What type of questions does experimental research primarily seek to answer?

How many, how much, how long? Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of quantitative research lends itself to reliability?

Standardized and pre-tested instruments Signup and view all the answers

What does the assumption that a sample is representative of the population imply?

The findings can be perfectly generalized. Signup and view all the answers

What is one benefit of using statistics in quantitative research?

It can generalize findings to a larger population. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does quantitative research typically examine between variables?

Relationships and cause and effect Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of quantitative research?

Focus on narrative accounts Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of qualitative research?

Understanding people's thoughts, beliefs, and feelings. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes pure research from applied research?

Pure research deals with abstract concepts. Signup and view all the answers

In what way does descriptive research typically present findings?

As a verbal portrayal or picture of subjects. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of data is obtained through direct observation or contact with people?

Primary data. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of quantitative research?

It presents findings in numerical form. Signup and view all the answers

Which research approach allows for the control of variables?

Scientific or positive approach. Signup and view all the answers

How are secondary data defined in research?

It consists of already collected and reported information. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of correlational research?

To show relationships between variables. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of a traditional RRL?

To summarize existing knowledge on a specific subject Signup and view all the answers

Which type of review focuses specifically on integrating the latest research studies?

State-of-the-art Review Signup and view all the answers

What does a scoping review aim to do?

Prepare for future research work Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of an expert review?

Encouraging a respected expert to provide insights Signup and view all the answers

What type of review examines theories and their applications in specific situations?

Critical Review Signup and view all the answers

In what format should edited books be cited?

Editor, E.E.(Ed.).(Year).Title of the book.Publisher. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes systematic RRL from traditional RRL?

Systematic RRL follows specific steps in the review process. Signup and view all the answers

How does a conceptual review contribute to understanding current issues?

It analyzes concepts to clarify their meaning. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of citations in writing?

To give credit to original authors and verify information Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions is considered fabrication in research?

Making up data to present false results Signup and view all the answers

What does 'n.d.' stand for in APA citation guidelines?

No date Signup and view all the answers

If the publisher of a work is unknown, which abbreviation should be used in an APA citation?

n.p. (no publisher) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of plagiarism causes the reader to mistakenly believe the writer is the originator of the work?

Blatant plagiarism Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct format for a citation with a missing author?

Title of the work.(Year).Publisher.URL Signup and view all the answers

When a citation has a missing title, how should it be described according to guidelines?

Provide a description in square brackets Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step to avoid plagiarism in writing research reviews?

Always credit original authors and sources Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Research Fundamentals

Understanding research involves familiarization with tools for gathering and presenting data.
People's opinions are qualitative and expressed through language rather than quantifiable measures.

Types of Research

Quantitative Research:
- Involves measurement, presenting findings in numerical form (percentages, fractions).
- Deals with numerical data to establish relationships and test hypotheses.
Qualitative Research:
- Focuses on exploring beliefs, feelings, and lifestyles.
- Uses descriptive language for insights rather than measurable data.
Pure Research:
- Aims to expand knowledge about concepts or principles without immediate application.
Applied Research:
- Focuses on using research findings to address societal issues and promote positive change.

Research Method Applications

Descriptive Research:
- Provides a verbal portrayal of subjects to establish a foundation for further study.
Correlational Research:
- Identifies relationships between two or more variables without implying causation.
Explanatory Research:
- Explains the reasons and processes behind relationships among factors.
Exploratory Research:
- Assesses the feasibility of studying a topic; aims to discover new insights.

Research Approaches

Scientific or Positive Approach:
- Seeks objective measurement using structured methods; suitable for quantitative data.
Naturalistic Approach:
- Emphasizes qualitative data derived from uncontrolled, real-world observations about human behavior.
Triangulation Approach:
- Combines multiple methods and perspectives to enrich research findings.

Quantitative Research Characteristics

Utilizes instruments to gather quantifiable data about populations (age, income, education).
Uses standardized tools for data collection ensuring reliability and validity.
Can generalize findings and establish cause-and-effect relationships under controlled conditions.

Experimental Research

Investigates cause-and-effect relationships by manipulating independent variables and observing effects on dependent variables.

Importance of Quantitative Research

Produces objective and reliable data; facilitates statistical analyses.
Allows for understanding complex problems by reducing them to key variables.
Validates existing theories and hypotheses based on empirical evidence.

Styles of Literature Review (RRL)

Traditional RRL:
- Summarizes current knowledge and integrates the latest findings (critical, conceptual, and expert reviews).
Systematic RRL:
- Employs organized steps to validate or prepare for further research.

Ethical Standards in Writing RRL

Ethical writing emphasizes academic honesty and accurate source citation.
Avoids fabrication, falsification, and plagiarism, which can mislead readers.

Types of Plagiarism

Blatant Plagiarism: Misleading readers about the origin of the work.
Technical Plagiarism: Failing to adhere to accepted citation practices.
Unintentional Plagiarism: Mistakes in sourcing leading to inaccuracies.

Handling Missing Elements in Citations

Follow specific APA guidelines for instances of missing authors, dates, titles, or publishers.
Provide alternative citations format for missing information ensuring academic integrity remains intact.

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Description

This quiz explores the fundamental tools of research, focusing on various techniques for data gathering and presenting findings. It aims to enhance your understanding of how to analyze people's thoughts, beliefs, and lifestyles in research contexts. Test your knowledge on conveying qualitative research outcomes effectively.