Research Methods and Designs Quiz
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Which research method seeks to define the purpose of human existence by exploring historical facts and future possibilities?

  • Scientific Research
  • Action Research
  • Artistic Research
  • Research in the humanities (correct)

    • What is the main purpose of a descriptive research design?

  • To create a new intervention for a problem
  • To explain why a phenomenon occurs
  • To identify a group of people with common characteristics
  • To gain insights into the present situation of a phenomenon (correct)

    • What is the key characteristic of a causal research design?

  • It follows a cyclical process of planning, implementing, and evaluating interventions.
  • It explores topics with little to no previous research.
  • It involves manipulating factors to observe their effects.
  • It establishes a cause-and-effect relationship between variables. (correct)

    • Which research design is best suited for exploring a topic with limited prior research?

    <p>Exploratory design (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common characteristic of scientific research?

    <p>Seeks to explain naturally occurring phenomena in the world. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of artistic research?

    <p>It uses practical methods as alternatives to theoretical approaches. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which of these research designs does the researcher actively control variables?

    <p>Experimental Design (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of 'action research'?

    <p>To create a practical solution for a real-world problem. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of psychological narrative analysis?

    <p>Understanding how individuals' internal thoughts and motivations shape their stories. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key benefit of using narrative analysis to study a phenomenon?

    <p>It offers unique insights into how individuals experience and interpret events. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of critical qualitative research?

    <p>To uncover hidden power dynamics and social injustices through critical analysis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a strength of qualitative research?

    <p>It is particularly well-suited for studying large-scale social trends. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinct characteristic of postmodern research?

    <p>It challenges the notion of absolute truth and investigates the construction of knowledge. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When would a basic interpretative qualitative study be most appropriate?

    <p>The researcher wants to understand how individuals give meaning to a specific situation or phenomenon. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between grounded theory and narrative analysis?

    <p>Grounded theory focuses on developing theories, while narrative analysis focuses on individual experiences. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of qualitative research is most aligned with the objective of bringing about social change?

    <p>Critical qualitative research (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes qualitative research particularly suitable for understanding how individuals interpret concepts?

    <p>It focuses on gathering data in natural settings and exploring participants' perspectives. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a weakness of qualitative research?

    <p>It can be difficult to generalize findings to other populations or settings. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential disadvantage of the researcher's presence in data collection in a qualitative research setting?

    <p>It can influence participant responses and potentially lead to biases in the findings. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a strength of qualitative research?

    <p>It allows researchers to test hypotheses and theories rigorously using statistical analysis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might qualitative research have lower credibility with some program administrators and commissioners?

    <p>It lacks the objectivity and rigor of quantitative research, which is often valued in policy-making. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of longitudinal design?

    <p>It focuses on casual relationships over an extended duration. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which research method focuses primarily on collecting non-numerical data?

    <p>Qualitative research (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which research approach is data collection and analysis conducted simultaneously?

    <p>Qualitative research (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one purpose of mixed-method design in research?

    <p>To combine different research methods for a comprehensive understanding. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does qualitative research aim to gain insights into?

    <p>Rich insights into human behavior and social phenomena. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does saturation in qualitative research refer to?

    <p>When no new information is revealed in data collection. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of qualitative research seeks to find the essence of a personal experience?

    <p>Phenomenological study (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes cross-sectional design from other research designs?

    <p>It gathers data from diverse individuals at one point in time. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of a phenomenological study?

    <p>Investigating lived experiences through descriptions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes an ethnographic study?

    <p>Immersion in a culture and interaction with key informants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of study focuses on events from the past and their implications?

    <p>Historical study (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates primary sources from secondary sources?

    <p>Primary sources provide first-hand information (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of case studies?

    <p>They provide an in-depth examination of individuals or groups (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which study method compares collected data until categories and hypotheses emerge?

    <p>Grounded theory study (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of sources include relics and artifacts?

    <p>Primary sources (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What approach is taken in historical studies to connect past events to present implications?

    <p>Identification, evaluation, and synthesis of historical data (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Different Types of Research

    • Research methods seek to explain naturally occurring phenomena in the natural world by generating credible theories. Examples include research on climate change and gene therapy.

    Research in the Humanities

    • Seeks to define the purpose of human existence by tapping into historical facts and future possibilities. Examples include the relationship between religion and politics.

    Artistic Research

    • Provides alternative approaches to established concepts by using practical methods as substitutes for fundamental and theoretical ones. It expands on current concepts and allows for further interpretation.

    Research Designs

    • Enables researchers to organize research components in an orderly and coherent manner, ensuring the research study effectively addresses the problem.

    Action Research

    • Follows a cyclical process to address a problem. First, the researcher identifies the problem, develops an action plan, implements the plan, analyzes the collected data, and assesses the solution's effectiveness.

    Causal Design

    • Explores how a specific change impacts a certain situation by showing cause-and-effect relationships between variables.

    Descriptive Design

    • Answers "who, what, when, where, and how" questions related to research problems. It obtains information to understand a specific phenomenon in a present situation.

    Exploratory Design

    • Focuses on topics or problems with limited prior studies to gain information and insight for future research.

    Experimental Design

    • Researchers control factors and variables to change one or several factors and determine the effects.

    Cohort Design

    • Identifies a group of people with common characteristics and studies them over time. Researchers seek to understand the impact of changes on these groups.

    Cross-Sectional Design

    • Examines a large group of varied individuals at a specific point in time to determine how these individuals are affected by a certain variable.

    Longitudinal Design

    • Follows a group of people over a long period to explore causal relationships and determine the duration and effects of these relationships on the group.

    Mixed-Method Design

    • Combines aspects of various research designs and methods, combining qualitative and quantitative research to develop a complete picture of a research problem and ensure the validity of the hypotheses.

    Research Methods

    • Determines the approach researchers will take to identify relevant data for research and to analyze collected information.

    Quantitative Research

    • A method to collect and analyze numerical data to test theories, explain phenomena, and reach conclusions.

    Qualitative Research

    • A method of inquiry that involves collecting and analyzing non-numerical data to understand human behavior and social phenomena. It focuses on gaining insights into individual perceptions and interpretations of events.

    Characteristics of Qualitative Research

    • Qualitative research is systematic and rigorous but more flexible than quantitative research. It often involves an iterative process where data collection and analysis happen simultaneously. Researchers focus on gathering information from people who can provide the richest insights into the phenomenon of interest and continue data collection until saturation—no new information is revealed related to key themes in the data. It examines everyday life in a natural context.

    Common Types of Qualitative Research

    • Phenomenological Study: Aims to understand the essence or structure of experience by explaining how complex meanings arise from simple units of inner experience. Focuses on lived experiences through descriptions provided by subjects or respondents. Examples include studying experiences of people with spouses facing rehabilitation or others, depending upon the focus of the research question.

    • Ethnographic Study: A method of collecting and analyzing data about cultural groups or minorities. Researchers immerse themselves in the culture and become part of the study population. Researchers collect data by talking with key informants. Examples include studying demographic profiles and the migratory adaptations of squatters in a certain area.

    • Historical Study: Examines the identification, location, evaluation, and synthesis of data from past events to understand their implications for the present and future. Sources of data may include documents, relics and artifacts, or oral reports.

    • Case Study: An in-depth examination of an individual, group, or institution to understand the impact of a significant event or situation in their life .

    • Grounded Theory Study: Involves a process of comparing data points to establish categories, properties and hypotheses about relationships. It is tentative and suggestive, not intended as something to test in the study, but rather to help organize the research findings. Examples include determining the formation of professional identities of counselors.

    • Narrative Analysis: Analyzes stories to understand how people experience and communicate events. The primary data sources for this type of research are life accounts of individuals based on their personal experiences.

    Psychological, Biographical, and Discourse Analysis (as subtypes of Narrative Analysis)

    • Psychological: Analyzes stories in terms of internal thoughts and motivations.
    • Biographical: Takes into account society and factors like gender and class.
    • Discourse: Studies how language is used in texts and contexts.

    Critical Qualitative Research

    • Seeks to bring about change and empower individuals by describing and critiquing the social, cultural, and psychological perspectives related to current contexts.

    Postmodern Research

    • Analyzes facts established as truth, the ability of research and science to discover truth, and all generalizations and typologies.

    Basic Interpretative Qualitative Study

    • Used when researchers want to understand how people give meaning to a particular situation or phenomenon.

    Strengths of Qualitative Research

    • Studies require fewer participants. Helpful for describing complex phenomena. Issues can be examined in detail and depth. Interviews are not restricted to specific questions and can be guided and redirected. Subtleties are not missed. Provides individual case information. Provides understanding and description of experiences. Can describe phenomena in detail in their local contexts. Researchers often identify contextual and setting factors. Allows for the study of dynamic processes and the generation of grounded theory focused on a phenomenon of interest. Interprets how participants perceive constructs, and most qualitative data are gathered in naturalistic settings. Qualitative research in its use of descriptive words from participants' descriptions, helps vividly demonstrate a phenomenon to readers.

    Weaknesses of Qualitative Research

    • Knowledge may not be applicable to other people or situations. Inflexibility and difficulty demonstrating and assessing inflexibility. Data analysis can be time-consuming. Qualitative research might not be as well understood or accepted as quantitative research within the scientific community. Presence of the researcher during data gathering can affect participants' responses. Issues of anonymity and confidentiality can create problems when presenting findings. Making quantitative predictions is difficult, and often it is difficult to test hypotheses and theories with larger participant pools. Might have lower credibility with some administrators and program commissioners. Collecting data might take more time than in quantitative analysis. Results might easily be influenced by the researcher's personal biases and idiosyncrasies.

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    Different Types of Research Methods PDF

    Description

    Test your understanding of various research methods and designs with this informative quiz. Explore concepts such as descriptive, causal, and narrative research, and learn about their unique characteristics and applications. Gain insights into the fundamental principles that govern scientific and artistic research.

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