Research Methods and Criminal Investigation Quiz

<p>Identifying and analyzing recurring patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inductive logic uses particular and separate observations to form generalizations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may be important evidence supporting or undermining a hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They must be held at bay to remain as objective as possible</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The link between the evidence and a hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Linking the facts and hypotheses into a comprehensive pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It moves from general principles to specific instances</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The investigator will abandon the hypothesis and formulate another</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What is absent</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Linking as many facts as possible</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Explaining a general theory of crime rates in different cities</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It plays a vital role in successful research and investigations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Factors that change and can alter the outcome</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Statements about the effects or results certain causes or actions might produce</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To structure all scientific studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both involve gathering, documenting, and evaluating facts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Determining which apparent facts are real facts and relevant to the crime</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Creating hypotheses that link facts and constructing a theory to explain the crime</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Laboratory work to match the blood type of stains on a knife to the victim's blood type</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recorded observations and measurements gathered by researchers to search for meaningful patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A research project conducted according to scientific rules, with the researcher having control over some of the variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Application of new terms to everyday situations to understand fundamental research concepts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Careful reading, thinking, and diligent study</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gathering specific pieces of accurate information about a crime and systematically observing the details of the crime scene</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patterns play a crucial role in understanding and problem-solving as they help in identifying recurring sequences and relationships among events, which can guide actions and decisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The text describes the process as undisciplined inquiry or research by trial and error, where individuals try different actions or approaches until they find a combination that works most of the time. They also search for other characteristics or properties that may affect the desired outcome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Observation and data gathering are significant as they enable individuals to gather information about objects, people, and events around them in an informal but careful way. This information allows them to identify patterns and make informed decisions in problem-solving.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The text implies that experimentation is a key part of understanding and problem-solving, as individuals try different approaches or actions to see what works, and pay attention to instances where patterns of actions and responses do not work. This process helps in identifying what characteristics or properties may affect the desired outcome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inductive logic uses particular and separate observations to form generalizations or conclusions, while deductive logic moves from generalizations or conclusions to particular and separate observations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary focus of a theory of the crime is to put all the pieces together into a comprehensive pattern that links the facts and hypotheses to one another and contains no internal contradictions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The investigator is advised to pay as much attention to what is missing as to what is present at the scene of the crime.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The role of hypotheses in research is to guide the investigator in formulating and testing explanations for the observed facts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The investigator is likely to regard the link between the evidence and the crime as factual or true, unless further evidence fails to conform with the hypothesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary requirement for the theory of a crime to gain confidence is to have more facts that are consistent with the theory and fewer gaps in the evidence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The absence of something at a crime scene may be important as evidence that can either support or undermine the validity of a hypothesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary difference is that a theory about a particular crime focuses on explaining why and how a specific crime occurred, while a general theory of crime attempts to explain different crime rates or patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The emphasis of the text is on the application of reasoning, including inductive and deductive logic, in both criminal investigations and research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The requirement for understanding the research process is the appropriate use of expertise, learning from mistakes, intuition, patience, ingenuity, curiosity, and opportunism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary role of intuition is to play a vital role in successful research as well as in criminal justice investigations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Variables are factors in a situation that change and can alter the outcome, such as cold or humidity affecting the chances of starting a car.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The process of determining which apparent facts are real facts, which are relevant to the crime, and how they are interrelated is crucial in a criminal investigation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Creating hypotheses that link facts and constructing a theory to explain the crime is an essential part of the investigation process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Data is the recorded observations and measurements gathered by researchers to search for meaningful patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Investigators gather specific pieces of accurate information about a crime and systematically observe the details of the crime scene.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary focus of basic research concepts and methodologies introduced in the chapter is to structure all scientific studies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The text highlights the similarities between a criminal investigation and the research process, as both involve gathering, documenting, and evaluating facts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary requirement for the theory of a crime to gain confidence is the use of deductive logic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The text emphasizes that understanding the intricacies of the research process will require careful reading, thinking, and diligent study.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The investigator is advised to pay as much attention to the details of the crime scene.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypotheses are statements about the effects or results certain causes or actions might produce, often in the form of 'if x, then y.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Investigators gather specific pieces of accurate information about a crime and systematically observe the details of the crime scene.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patterns play a crucial role in understanding and problem-solving as they help in identifying recurring sequences or relationships among events, which can lead to the discovery of effective solutions and outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The text describes the approach of undisciplined inquiry or research by trial and error, where individuals try different actions or methods until they find a combination that works most of the time, while also being aware of instances where the pattern of actions and responses does not work.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Individuals search for characteristics or properties such as the effect of cold weather, the impact of pumping the accelerator more times, and the influence of humidity in the air, to understand and potentially affect the outcome they desire, such as getting the engine started on a cold morning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Observation and data gathering are highlighted as essential in the process of understanding as individuals gather information or data by observing objects, people, and events in an informal but careful way, watching for patterns and assessing the impact of various factors on the desired outcome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inductive logic uses particular and separate observations to form generalizations/conclusions, while deductive logic moves from generalizations/conclusions to particular and separate observations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Preconceptions and prejudices must be held at bay, especially during the hypothesis-testing phases, so that they do not interfere with the understanding of the assembled information or produce conclusions that are not consistent with the data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary focus of a theory of the crime is to put all the pieces together into a comprehensive pattern that links the facts and hypotheses to one another and contains no internal contradictions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The text emphasizes the importance of reasoning and logic, including inductive and deductive logic, in criminal investigations and research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The investigator is advised to pay as much attention to what is missing as to what is present at the scene of the crime.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The investigator is likely to regard the link between the evidence and the hypothesis as factual or true unless further evidence fails to conform with the hypothesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary method mentioned for gathering information or data in the text is the application of reasoning, including inductive and deductive logic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The observation that something is absent may be important as evidence that can either support or undermine the validity of a hypothesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If the additional evidence does not support or corroborate the hypothesis, the investigator will abandon that hypothesis and formulate another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Individuals are advised to be especially aware of remaining as objective as possible throughout the investigation process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary difference is that a theory about a particular crime explains why and how a specific crime occurred, while a general theory of crime attempts to explain different crime rates in different cities or why one type of person is more prone than others to commit assault.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The investigator must put all the pieces together into a comprehensive pattern that links the facts and hypotheses to one another and contains no internal contradictions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Variables in a research context are factors that can change and affect the outcome of a situation. An example is cold or humidity affecting the chances of starting a car.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypotheses in a research context are statements about the effects or results certain causes or actions might produce. They provide a basis for testing and exploring potential outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both involve gathering, documenting, and evaluating facts. They also require careful reading, thinking, and diligent study to understand fundamental concepts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Laboratory work to match the blood type of stains on a knife to the victim's blood type and examining wounds to determine if the knife could have caused them are necessary steps in a criminal investigation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>This process involves gathering specific pieces of accurate information about a crime, systematically observing the details of the crime scene, and determining the interrelation and relevance of the gathered facts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary focus is to structure all scientific studies and introduce fundamental research concepts and methodologies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The text emphasizes applying new terms to everyday situations to understand fundamental research concepts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Data in a research context is the recorded observations and measurements gathered by researchers to search for meaningful patterns. It is gathered through systematic observation and measurement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary role of a theory in a criminal investigation is to explain the crime by linking facts and constructing a coherent explanation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary role of an experiment is to conduct a research project according to scientific rules, with the researcher having control over some of the variables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If additional evidence does not support a hypothesis, the investigator should reevaluate the hypothesis and consider alternative explanations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The emphasized requirement is careful reading, thinking, and diligent study to understand the intricacies of the research process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As a continuum encompassing both quantitative and qualitative methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Relying solely on qualitative methods for all research questions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facing similar procedural dilemmas</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To expand knowledge in general</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Applied research is conducted to address specific organizational problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>For the satisfaction derived from struggling with important questions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pursuit of knowledge for its own sake</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Qualitative research</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Verstehen</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inability to convey the richness and complexity of human behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complex networks of meaning and human behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quantitative research</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phenomenology and existentialism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lots of numbers and commentary on their meanings</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reliability of the information-gathering process</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nondeterministic and subjective point of view</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The rise of capitalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Its ability to convey the richness and complexity of human behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Verstehen</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Empathy and interpretive understanding of subjects' behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Participant observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Creating a detailed record of observations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Structured interviews, oral or written life stories, and document analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Descriptive, narrative form, and supplemented with photographs and direct quotations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Participant observation limits the scope of study to small groups or circumscribed sociocultural scenes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Minimizing the impact of the researcher’s presence, maintaining subjects’ anonymity, and obtaining voluntary consent</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The researcher may become so involved that they lose objectivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintaining some distance between the researcher and those being observed</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The generalizability of the results</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Humanities</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Descriptive details and narrative form</p> Signup and view all the answers