Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does the author consider a misstep in scientific research?
What does the author consider a misstep in scientific research?
- Relying solely on quantitative methods for all research questions
- Failing to engage in vigorous debate about research approaches
- Characterizing qualitative and quantitative research as polar opposites (correct)
- Relying solely on qualitative methods for all research questions
How does the author view the practice of research?
How does the author view the practice of research?
- As favoring qualitative methods over quantitative methods
- As favoring quantitative methods over qualitative methods
- As a continuum encompassing both quantitative and qualitative methods (correct)
- As a dichotomy between quantitative and qualitative methods
What do researchers from both camps often face?
What do researchers from both camps often face?
- Opposing procedural dilemmas
- Distinct procedural dilemmas
- Similar procedural dilemmas (correct)
- No procedural dilemmas
What is the primary focus of basic research?
What is the primary focus of basic research?
Why are even partial answers to fundamental questions exciting to researchers in basic research?
Why are even partial answers to fundamental questions exciting to researchers in basic research?
What distinguishes applied research from basic research?
What distinguishes applied research from basic research?
How is basic research often described?
How is basic research often described?
Which type of research method relies heavily on statistical procedures and large-scale projects?
Which type of research method relies heavily on statistical procedures and large-scale projects?
What is a common method of gathering data for quantitative studies?
What is a common method of gathering data for quantitative studies?
What do critics of quantitative research doubt?
What do critics of quantitative research doubt?
Which type of research emphasizes open-ended information-gathering strategies and face-to-face contact?
Which type of research emphasizes open-ended information-gathering strategies and face-to-face contact?
What is Verstehen, a principal method in?
What is Verstehen, a principal method in?
Which philosophical tradition does qualitative research originate from?
Which philosophical tradition does qualitative research originate from?
What does qualitative research seek to understand?
What does qualitative research seek to understand?
What did Max Weber use qualitative methods for?
What did Max Weber use qualitative methods for?
What do qualitative researchers emphasize?
What do qualitative researchers emphasize?
What is a characteristic of ethical obligations in quantitative research?
What is a characteristic of ethical obligations in quantitative research?
What is a criticism of qualitative research?
What is a criticism of qualitative research?
What does quantitative research allow for?
What does quantitative research allow for?
What is Verstehen as a research method based on?
What is Verstehen as a research method based on?
What is the primary method of data collection in qualitative studies?
What is the primary method of data collection in qualitative studies?
What does field research involve?
What does field research involve?
How are field data often supplemented in qualitative research?
How are field data often supplemented in qualitative research?
How are qualitative research reports typically presented?
How are qualitative research reports typically presented?
With which academic disciplines do qualitative researchers identify more?
With which academic disciplines do qualitative researchers identify more?
What is a criticism of participant observation in qualitative research?
What is a criticism of participant observation in qualitative research?
What impact may the personal characteristics of the researcher have in qualitative research?
What impact may the personal characteristics of the researcher have in qualitative research?
What practical problems are associated with qualitative research?
What practical problems are associated with qualitative research?
What risk is associated with participant observation in qualitative research?
What risk is associated with participant observation in qualitative research?
Why is maintaining some distance between the researcher and those being observed important in qualitative research?
Why is maintaining some distance between the researcher and those being observed important in qualitative research?
What does applied research in criminal justice primarily focus on?
What does applied research in criminal justice primarily focus on?
Which type of research may investigate the effectiveness of psychological counseling versus incarceration in reforming offenders?
Which type of research may investigate the effectiveness of psychological counseling versus incarceration in reforming offenders?
What distinguishes most research concerning criminal justice practitioners?
What distinguishes most research concerning criminal justice practitioners?
What can competent research enhance in the criminal justice field?
What can competent research enhance in the criminal justice field?
What are the three main approaches identified in social science research?
What are the three main approaches identified in social science research?
Which pioneer studied the relationship between suicide rates and various statistical indicators of social disorganization in 19th-century European countries?
Which pioneer studied the relationship between suicide rates and various statistical indicators of social disorganization in 19th-century European countries?
What does quantitative research in criminal justice primarily seek?
What does quantitative research in criminal justice primarily seek?
What has mainly subsided in recent years due to the increasing integration of qualitative or quantitative approaches within research projects?
What has mainly subsided in recent years due to the increasing integration of qualitative or quantitative approaches within research projects?
What does mixed methods research enable in the criminal justice field?
What does mixed methods research enable in the criminal justice field?
What are quantitative methods in criminal justice rooted in?
What are quantitative methods in criminal justice rooted in?
What mainly originated from disagreements about the nature of human knowledge and how it is best acquired?
What mainly originated from disagreements about the nature of human knowledge and how it is best acquired?
What has allowed for a more complete and synergistic utilization of data than separate quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis?
What has allowed for a more complete and synergistic utilization of data than separate quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis?
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Study Notes
Applied and Basic Research in Criminal Justice
- Applied research addresses specific, concrete questions or pragmatic problems and examines connections among formulated goals, actions taken, and results obtained.
- Applied research may investigate questions with immediate implications for policy and practice decisions in criminal justice, such as the effectiveness of psychological counseling versus incarceration in reforming offenders.
- The distinction between applied and basic research is sometimes blurred, but most research with which criminal justice practitioners are concerned falls more toward the applied end of the research continuum.
- Competent research can enhance the quality of day-to-day decisions and help administrators manage human and financial resources in the most efficient and effective way possible in the criminal justice field.
- Another distinction made in social science research is between quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods approaches, with ongoing debates about their relative merits.
- Methodologists have identified false and/or misleading distinctions between quantitative and qualitative methodologies and recognized that good research often involves elements of both approaches.
- Mixed methods research (MMR) integrates or mixes qualitative or quantitative approaches within a single investigation, study, or program of inquiry, enabling a more complete and synergistic utilization of data than separate approaches.
- Quantitative methods are rooted in positivism, seeking general and universal truths through objective inquiry and statistical analysis, emphasizing deterministic orientation and rejecting free will for explaining human behavior.
- Emile Durkheim was a pioneer in quantitative social analysis, studying the relationship between suicide rates and various statistical indicators of social disorganization in 19th-century European countries.
- The philosophical differences in research approaches originated from disagreements about the nature of human knowledge and how it is best acquired, as well as political struggles within and among academic disciplines.
- The quantitative-qualitative debates have mainly subsided in recent years due to the increasing integration or mixing of qualitative or quantitative approaches within research projects.
- The mixed-methods approach allows for a more complete and synergistic utilization of data than separate quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis, and it has advantages and disadvantages that will be discussed in the text.
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