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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of sampling in research methodology?
Which type of sampling ensures every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected?
What is the main characteristic of Stratified Random Sampling?
What is the term for the difference between the sample result and the true population parameter?
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What is the term for the tendency of a sample to consistently over- or under-estimate the population parameter?
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What determines the sample size in research?
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What is the purpose of systematic sampling?
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In which type of research is sampling commonly used?
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Study Notes
Definition and Purpose
- Sampling is a research methodology used to select a subset of individuals or data points from a larger population to represent the entire population.
- The purpose of sampling is to make inferences about the population based on the characteristics of the sample.
Types of Sampling
-
Probability Sampling:
- Every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.
- Examples: simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, cluster sampling.
-
Non-Probability Sampling:
- Members of the population do not have an equal chance of being selected.
- Examples: convenience sampling, purposive sampling, snowball sampling.
Sampling Techniques
-
Simple Random Sampling:
- Each member of the population is assigned a unique number.
- A random number generator is used to select the sample.
-
Stratified Random Sampling:
- Divide the population into subgroups (strata) based on relevant characteristics.
- Randomly select samples from each stratum.
-
Cluster Sampling:
- Divide the population into clusters (groups).
- Randomly select clusters and include all members of the selected clusters in the sample.
-
Systematic Sampling:
- Select every nth member of the population.
- Start with a random number and then select every nth member.
Sampling Errors
-
Bias:
- Occurs when the sample is not representative of the population.
- Can lead to inaccurate conclusions.
-
Sampling Variability:
- Occurs due to chance variations in the sample.
- Can lead to different results if the study is repeated.
Sample Size
-
Determining Sample Size:
- Depends on the level of precision required, the population size, and the level of confidence.
- Can be calculated using formulas such as the margin of error formula.
Sampling in Real-Life Scenarios
- Market Research: Sampling is used to gather data about consumer behavior and preferences.
- Medical Research: Sampling is used to test the effectiveness of new treatments and medications.
- Social Sciences: Sampling is used to study social phenomena, such as voting behavior and crime rates.
Definition and Purpose of Sampling
- Sampling is a research methodology used to select a subset of individuals or data points from a larger population to represent the entire population.
- The purpose of sampling is to make inferences about the population based on the characteristics of the sample.
Types of Sampling
-
Probability Sampling:
- Every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.
- Examples include simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, and cluster sampling.
-
Non-Probability Sampling:
- Members of the population do not have an equal chance of being selected.
- Examples include convenience sampling, purposive sampling, and snowball sampling.
Sampling Techniques
-
Simple Random Sampling:
- Each member of the population is assigned a unique number.
- A random number generator is used to select the sample.
-
Stratified Random Sampling:
- Divide the population into subgroups (strata) based on relevant characteristics.
- Randomly select samples from each stratum.
-
Cluster Sampling:
- Divide the population into clusters (groups).
- Randomly select clusters and include all members of the selected clusters in the sample.
-
Systematic Sampling:
- Select every nth member of the population.
- Start with a random number and then select every nth member.
Sampling Errors
-
Bias:
- Occurs when the sample is not representative of the population.
- Can lead to inaccurate conclusions.
-
Sampling Variability:
- Occurs due to chance variations in the sample.
- Can lead to different results if the study is repeated.
Sample Size
-
Determining Sample Size:
- Depends on the level of precision required, the population size, and the level of confidence.
- Can be calculated using formulas such as the margin of error formula.
Sampling in Real-Life Scenarios
- Market Research: Sampling is used to gather data about consumer behavior and preferences.
- Medical Research: Sampling is used to test the effectiveness of new treatments and medications.
- Social Sciences: Sampling is used to study social phenomena, such as voting behavior and crime rates.
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Description
Learn about the definition and purpose of sampling in research, including types of probability sampling. Test your knowledge on this fundamental research methodology concept.
