Podcast
Questions and Answers
What distinguishes qualitative data from quantitative data?
What distinguishes qualitative data from quantitative data?
- Qualitative data is fixed and universal.
- Qualitative data is always numerical.
- Qualitative data can be measured and counted.
- Qualitative data is descriptive and subjective. (correct)
Which of the following is NOT included in the methodology?
Which of the following is NOT included in the methodology?
- Data Collection Methods
- Justification on subject selection
- Demographics of participants (correct)
- Limitations that may hinder processes
In the context of research methodology, what is a 'sample'?
In the context of research methodology, what is a 'sample'?
- Randomly selected individuals from a survey.
- A portion of the population identified for research. (correct)
- A group of individuals with common characteristics.
- The entire population being studied.
What is one major difference between probability sampling and non-probability sampling?
What is one major difference between probability sampling and non-probability sampling?
Which approach is largely used for analyzing qualitative data?
Which approach is largely used for analyzing qualitative data?
What characterizes subjects in a research study?
What characterizes subjects in a research study?
What is the primary aim of data analysis in research methodology?
What is the primary aim of data analysis in research methodology?
In qualitative research, which method is primarily used for data collection?
In qualitative research, which method is primarily used for data collection?
Which statement about qualitative data is incorrect?
Which statement about qualitative data is incorrect?
What role do informants play in the research methodology?
What role do informants play in the research methodology?
Flashcards
Research Methodology
Research Methodology
A plan for investigating a research problem, outlining the actions and rationale behind chosen procedures.
Qualitative Data
Qualitative Data
Data that cannot be measured or counted, described in words, not numbers.
Quantitative Data
Quantitative Data
Data that can be measured or counted, expressed in numbers.
Data Gathering
Data Gathering
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Data Analysis
Data Analysis
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Population
Population
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Sample
Sample
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Simple Random Sampling
Simple Random Sampling
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Subjects
Subjects
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Respondents
Respondents
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Study Notes
Research Methodology
- A framework for investigating a research problem, detailing the actions and reasoning behind chosen procedures.
Qualitative Research
- Involves descriptive data, not numerical.
- Explores the "why" and "how" behind phenomena.
- Data is gathered through observation and interviews.
- Analyzed by identifying themes and categories.
Quantitative Research
- Involves numerical data and measurements.
- Focuses on "how many," "how much," and "how often."
- Data is considered "factual" and universal.
- Collected through measurement and counting.
- Analyzed using statistical methods.
Key Differences
| Feature | Qualitative | Quantitative |
|---|---|---|
| Data Type | Descriptive (words/language) | Measurable/countable (numbers) |
| Focus | Understanding "why" and "how" | Measuring "how many," "how much," and "how often" |
| Data Collection | Observations, interviews | Measurements, counts |
| Data Analysis | Thematic/categorical grouping | Statistical analysis |
| Nature of Data | Dynamic, subjective, open to interpretation | Fixed, universal, "factual" |
Data Gathering
- The systematic process of collecting information related to research variables.
- Aims to answer research questions, test hypotheses, and evaluate outcomes.
Data Analysis
- The process of applying statistical or logical techniques to describe, condense, and evaluate data.
Components of Methodology
- Restatement of research problem and expected outcomes.
- Justification of chosen methodology, subject selection, and sampling procedures.
- Description of data collection methods.
- Explanation of data analysis methods.
- Identification of potential limitations.
Population & Sample
- Population: All individuals with relevant characteristics of interest.
- Sample: A portion of the population studied.
Types of Samples
- Subjects: Least involvement, often in experiments.
- Respondents: Survey participants.
- Informants: Experts providing information.
- Participants: Direct involvement, commonly in observation-based studies.
Sampling Methods (Probability)
- Simple Random Sampling: Every individual has an equal chance of selection.
- Systematic Sampling: Selection follows a specific pattern (e.g., every nth individual).
Sampling Methods (Non-Probability)
- Convenience Sampling: Researcher selects the most readily available sample.
- Snowball Sampling: Initial participants recruit further participants.
- Purposive Sampling: Researchers select participants based on specific criteria.
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