Quantitative vs Qualitative Research Quiz
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Questions and Answers

In quantitative research, what type of data is primarily utilized?

  • Unstructured interviews and discussions
  • Subjective opinions and interpretations
  • Measurable and numerical data (correct)
  • Observations and descriptions of events

    • Which of the following is NOT a key characteristic of qualitative research?

  • Smaller sample sizes compared to quantitative research
  • Emphasis on in-depth understanding
  • Use of structured instruments for data collection (correct)
  • Exploration of complex social phenomena

    • Which research type is best suited for investigating the relationship between two variables, such as income and educational attainment?

  • Correlational Research (correct)
  • Survey Research
  • Experimental Research
  • Causal-Comparative Research

    • Which of the following is NOT an advantage of survey research?

    <p>Direct observation of behavior (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of research is best suited for determining the cause-and-effect relationship between a specific intervention and a particular outcome?

    <p>Experimental Research (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which research method is commonly used to gather in-depth information on individual experiences, perspectives, and motivations?

    <p>Individual interviews (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of quantitative research?

    <p>To generalize findings to a larger population (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of quantitative research mentioned in the document?

    <p>Case Study (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristics of research best describe the process of conducting a scientific experiment to test the effectiveness of a new drug?

    <p>Empirical, Systematic, Controlled (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the provided text, what is the central role of a hypothesis in the research process?

    <p>To guide the investigation and provide a framework for interpreting findings. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT explicitly mentioned as a characteristic of research in the text?

    <p>Employs qualitative methods for data analysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of research focuses on identifying the cause-and-effect relationship between variables, but without manipulating the independent variable?

    <p>Causal-Comparative/ Quasi Experimental Research (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following definitions of research best reflects the view presented in the text?

    <p>A rigorous and systematic process of investigation involving the collection and analysis of information to answer a question or solve a problem. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The text describes research as circular. What does this suggest about the research process?

    <p>Research often progresses iteratively, with new questions arising from previous findings. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of a discrete variable?

    <p>It can only be expressed as whole numbers and can't be measured in ranges. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately reflects the comparison between quantitative and qualitative research?

    <p>Quantitative research emphasizes numerical data analysis and aims to test hypotheses, while qualitative research explores motivations and opinions and is more exploratory. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which research type is characterized by the manipulation of an independent variable and random assignment of subjects?

    <p>Experimental Research (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a research question that would be best suited for a qualitative research approach?

    <p>How do students' perceptions of online learning impact their engagement? (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between Correlation Research and Causal-Comparative/ Quasi Experimental Research?

    <p>Correlation Research measures the strength of relationships between variables, while Causal-Comparative Research aims to identify how different groups are affected by circumstances. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a continuous variable?

    <p>Height of a person (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of stating the research problem clearly in the research process?

    <p>It helps to define the scope of the research and guide the selection of appropriate research methods. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of research is the independent variable NOT manipulated?

    <p>Causal-Comparative/ Quasi Experimental Research (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of descriptive research?

    <p>To describe the current status of a variable or phenomenon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a dichotomous variable?

    <p>Gender (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Research Methods Introduction and Chapter 1

    • Research is defined as a process of investigation, examination of a subject from different points of view, a hunt for truth, and a way to educate oneself.
    • Research seeks information to answer a specific question or problem.
    • Research begins with a question by the researcher.
    • Research requires a plan.
    • Research requires a clear statement of the problem.
    • Research deals with the main problem through sub-problems.
    • Research seeks direction through appropriate hypotheses.
    • Research deals with facts and their meaning.
    • Research is cyclical.

    Characteristics of Research

    • Research is empirical, based on observations and experimentation from theories.
    • Research is systematic, following an orderly and sequential procedure.
    • Research is controlled, where all variables except those tested are kept constant.
    • Research uses hypotheses to guide the investigation process.
    • Research is analytical, involving a critical analysis of all data.
    • Research is objective, unbiased, and logical, based on empirical data.
    • Research uses quantitative or statistical methods to transform data into numerical measures.

    Differentiate Qualitative and Quantitative Research

    • Quantitative research uses numerical data and analyzes through mathematical and statistical methods (more dots).
    • Qualitative research uses methods to gain understanding of underlying reasons, opinions, and motivations and explore trends in opinions/dive deeper into the problem; uses a small number of participants.
    • Qualitative research uses unstructured/semi-structured techniques/questions.

    Comparisons between Qualitative and Quantitative Research

    • Quantitative research uses measurable data, needs a large number of respondents, uses structured tests, describes and tests relationships, examines cause-and-effect relationships, and has different data collection methods.
    • Qualitative research uncovers trends in opinions and dives deeper into the problem; needs a small number of participants; uses unstructured or semi-structured techniques/questions.

    Comparisons between Qualitative and Quantitative Research (cont.)

    • Quantitative research includes methods like surveys, interviews, and longitudinal studies.
    • Qualitative research includes methods like group discussions, individual interviews, participation, and observation.
    • Quantitative research aims to numerically convey observable conclusions from the research.
    • Qualitative research aims to observe and understand the researched subject.

    4 Basic Types of Quantitative Research

    • Survey
    • Correlational
    • Causal-comparative
    • Experimental

    Survey Research

    • Uses interviews, questionnaires, and sampling polls to understand behavior with high precision.
    • Uses expressed percentages.
    • Can be used one group or compare several groups.
    • Emphasizes sampling techniques.
    • Relies on statisticians.

    Descriptive Research

    • Describes the current status of a variable or identified phenomenon.

    Correlation Research

    • Tests for relationships between variables.
    • Investigates effects of one variable on another (positive or negative correlation).
    • Measures the extent of relationships using statistical data.
    • Does not manipulate variables; studies occur naturally.

    Causal-Comparative/Quasi-Experimental Research

    • Uncovers cause-and-effect relationships.
    • Similar to experiments but the independent variable isn't manipulated; it's identified.
    • Measures effects of the IV.
    • Not focused on statistical relationships.
    • Studies how different groups respond to circumstances (naturally formed or pre-existing groups).

    Experimental Research

    • Uses true experimentation.
    • Employs scientific method.
    • Studies relationships among variables.
    • Subjects are randomly assigned.
    • Manipulates an independent variable.
    • Investigates the effects of a dependent variable.

    Kinds of Variables and Their Uses

    • A variable is any element or entity that can be measured for quantity or quality.

    Quantitative Variables

    • Measured numerically.
      • Discrete variables
      • Continuous/Interval variables
      • Ratio variables

    Discrete Variables

    • Counted; denoted by positive whole numbers; not described in ranges.
      • Examples: frequency of behavior, group sizes

    Continuous/Interval Variables

    • Measured in ranges; can be non-whole numbers; can have positive and negative values or fractions.
      • Example: temperature

    Ratio Variables

    • Special type of continuous variable.
    • Cannot be negative.
      • Examples: age, height, weight, distance, test scores.

    Qualitative Variables

    • Categorical variables; assigning values to specific categories or groups.
      • Examples: blood type, color.
        • Dichotomous
        • Nominal

    Dichotomous Variables

    • Two distinct categories or values.
      • Example: yes/no responses

    Nominal Variables

    • More than two categories or values.
      • Examples: hair color, marital status

    Ordinal Variables

    • Exhibit characteristics of both quantitative and qualitative types.
    • Values can be ranked or ordered; often numerical, but also sometimes non-numerical (e.g., frequency classes: rare, seldom, sometimes, almost always).
    • Examples: ratings, frequencies

    Variables Based on Purpose and Role

    • Independent variable: cause, force, condition that acts on something else.
    • Dependent variable: effect, result, outcome of another variable.

    Extraneous and Confounding Variables

    • Extraneous variables: compete with independent variables in explaining study outcomes.
    • Confounding variables: extraneous variables that influence the dependent variable.

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    Related Documents

    Research Methods Introduction and Chapter 1 PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the differences between quantitative and qualitative research methods. It includes questions on data types, research characteristics, and suitable research methods for various scenarios. Test your understanding of important concepts in research methodology.

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