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Questions and Answers
Which sampling technique involves selecting samples in groups rather than as individuals?
Which sampling technique involves selecting samples in groups rather than as individuals?
What is a primary characteristic of non-probability sampling methods?
What is a primary characteristic of non-probability sampling methods?
Which sampling method is least likely to be used due to its complexity and resource demands?
Which sampling method is least likely to be used due to its complexity and resource demands?
When might a researcher choose to use purposive or judgmental sampling?
When might a researcher choose to use purposive or judgmental sampling?
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In stratified sampling, what consideration must be given to the sizes of random samples drawn from subgroups?
In stratified sampling, what consideration must be given to the sizes of random samples drawn from subgroups?
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What is the primary importance when selecting a population for a study?
What is the primary importance when selecting a population for a study?
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Which of the following best describes a 'sample' in research?
Which of the following best describes a 'sample' in research?
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What does 'representativeness' refer to in the context of sampling?
What does 'representativeness' refer to in the context of sampling?
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Which of the following is the MOST accurate definition of a 'sampling frame'?
Which of the following is the MOST accurate definition of a 'sampling frame'?
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A researcher is studying the experiences of nurses working in intensive care units (ICUs). Which would NOT be a part of forming the eligibility criteria?
A researcher is studying the experiences of nurses working in intensive care units (ICUs). Which would NOT be a part of forming the eligibility criteria?
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What is the first step a researcher should take when beginning the sampling process?
What is the first step a researcher should take when beginning the sampling process?
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Within the context of population types, what is a 'stratum'?
Within the context of population types, what is a 'stratum'?
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Which of the following options represent key concepts of sampling theory?
Which of the following options represent key concepts of sampling theory?
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What is the primary characteristic of probability sampling?
What is the primary characteristic of probability sampling?
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Which action should the nurse-researcher perform first when doing research?
Which action should the nurse-researcher perform first when doing research?
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In the Slovin's formula, $n = \frac{N}{1 + Ne^2}$, what does 'e' represent?
In the Slovin's formula, $n = \frac{N}{1 + Ne^2}$, what does 'e' represent?
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A researcher wants to select a sample of 500 participants from a population of 50,000, allowing for a 5% margin of error. Which sampling technique would be most appropriate to efficiently ensure every member of the population has an equal chance of selection?
A researcher wants to select a sample of 500 participants from a population of 50,000, allowing for a 5% margin of error. Which sampling technique would be most appropriate to efficiently ensure every member of the population has an equal chance of selection?
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Which sampling method involves selecting every $k$th member from a list after a random starting point?
Which sampling method involves selecting every $k$th member from a list after a random starting point?
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A researcher wants to ensure that their sample accurately represents different subgroups (e.g., age groups, ethnicities) within a population. Which sampling technique would be most appropriate?
A researcher wants to ensure that their sample accurately represents different subgroups (e.g., age groups, ethnicities) within a population. Which sampling technique would be most appropriate?
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What is a key difference between probability and non-probability sampling?
What is a key difference between probability and non-probability sampling?
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In simple random sampling using the lottery method, what is a critical requirement for the population?
In simple random sampling using the lottery method, what is a critical requirement for the population?
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Flashcards
Population
Population
The totality of observations relevant to a research study.
Target Population
Target Population
The group of individuals that meets the research criteria.
Sample
Sample
A subset of the population selected for the study.
Sampling
Sampling
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Representativeness
Representativeness
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Eligibility Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
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Sampling Frame
Sampling Frame
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Sampling Unit
Sampling Unit
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Stratified Sampling
Stratified Sampling
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Cluster Sampling
Cluster Sampling
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Multi-Stage Sampling
Multi-Stage Sampling
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Non-Probability Sampling
Non-Probability Sampling
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Quota Sampling
Quota Sampling
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Sampling Design
Sampling Design
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Sample Size
Sample Size
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Slovin's Formula
Slovin's Formula
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Probability Sampling
Probability Sampling
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Simple Random Sampling
Simple Random Sampling
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Systematic Sampling
Systematic Sampling
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Stratified Random Sampling
Stratified Random Sampling
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Margin of Error
Margin of Error
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Study Notes
Population
- Population refers to the entire group of observations or individuals that are of interest to the researcher.
- It is crucial to clearly define the population to accurately identify the sample.
- An accessible population is a group of individuals who meet specific eligibility criteria.
Types of Populations
- Target population refers to the specific group of individuals meeting predefined criteria.
- Subject/respondent population is the group of individuals participating in the study.
- Stratum/strata describes mutually exclusive segments of a population classified by one or more characteristics.
Sample
- A sample is a subset of the population selected for a particular study.
- Samples are also known as subjects or respondents of the study.
Sampling
- Sampling involves selecting a representative portion of the entire population.
- This is an important aspect of research methodology.
- It involves selecting a group of people, events, behaviors or other items for the study.
Element
- An element is the most basic unit for collecting information.
Representativeness
- A sample's representativeness means it mirrors the population in various aspects as closely as possible.
- The accessible population should correctly represent the target population.
- Example: A sample of BSN students (100) from a population of 600 BSN students.
Eligibility Criteria
- Eligibility criteria are guidelines defined by researchers to determine which elements belong or do not belong in the study population.
- This criteria can include demographics (sex, age, marital status), education level, or medical diagnosis.
Sampling Theory
- Sampling theory provides mathematical methods to identify the most effective way to acquire a sample that accurately reflects the studied population.
- Key concepts include:
- Sampling unit refers to the specific location or place used during the sampling process.
- Sampling frame lists all sampling units from which the sample is selected.
Sampling Criteria
- Sampling criteria include essential characteristics of subjects/respondents, such as their ability to understand and respond to data collection tools (e.g., surveys).
Steps in Sampling
- Identifying the target population.
- Identifying the subject/respondent population.
- Defining criteria for subject/respondent selection.
- Specifying the sampling design.
- Recruiting subjects.
Sample Size
- Determining sample size is essential before selecting the sampling technique.
- Slovin's formula (n = N / (1 + Ne^2)) is used for calculating sample size (n) given the population size (N) and the desired margin of error. (e).
- Example: A study with 10,000 clients with tuberculosis (N) and a 5% margin of error (e) would have a calculated sample size of 385 individuals.
Types of Sampling Techniques
- Probability Sampling:
- Each element in the population has an equal chance of being selected.
- Types:
- Simple random sampling (e.g., lottery method).
- Systematic sampling (selecting every nth individual).
- Stratified random sampling (proportionately selecting from subgroups).
- Cluster sampling (selecting groups rather than individuals).
- Multi-stage sampling (using multiple sampling techniques).
- Non-Probability Sampling:
- Elements are selected using non-random procedures.
- Types:
- Convenience sampling (selecting readily available individuals).
- Quota sampling (select individuals with specific characteristics.
- Purposive/judgmental sampling (selecting participants based on researcher expertise).
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts related to population and sampling in research methodology. It includes definitions of target populations, sampling methods, and the importance of clear population definitions. Test your understanding of how populations and samples interact in research design.
