Research Fundamentals Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of research?

  • To simply gather information on a topic
  • To test a hypothesis and prove a theory
  • To find a quick solution to a problem
  • To gain a deeper understanding of a topic or issue (correct)

What is a key characteristic of inquiry?

  • It relies on pre-existing knowledge to reach conclusions
  • It encourages individuals to explore different perspectives (correct)
  • It involves seeking simple and definitive answers
  • It emphasizes a rigid, structured approach to problem solving

What is the primary goal of evaluative research?

  • To assess the effectiveness of programs or products (correct)
  • To understand the underlying causes of a phenomenon
  • To conduct experiments in a laboratory setting
  • To develop new theories and principles

Which of these research types involves a first-hand study?

<p>Study (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these terms best describes the act of seeking information through questioning?

<p>Inquiry (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of research, what does the prefix "re" generally indicate?

<p>Repeat (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these best describes the role of research in shaping our world?

<p>It allows us to understand complex issues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge presented in the first paragraph of the text?

<p>The lack of efficient transportation methods resulted in long travel times. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main point of the second paragraph?

<p>The benefits of modern communication technology for staying connected. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary impact of the invention of electricity described in the third paragraph?

<p>It revolutionized the way people illuminated their homes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the core definition of "research" as presented in the text?

<p>The process of discovering new knowledge or advancing existing knowledge. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the text describe the significance of "inquiry"?

<p>As a way to pursue personal interests and learn new things. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of research as outlined in the text?

<p>It provides us with a sense of purpose and meaning in life. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the text, what is the significance of "advancement of existing theories" in the research process?

<p>It provides a framework for understanding and expanding on existing concepts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the overall message conveyed by the text in relation to research?

<p>Research is a valuable tool for improving our lives and understanding the world. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of reviewing existing literature in research?

<p>To identify gaps in current knowledge and develop a research question. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main criteria for justifying research involving human participants?

<p>The research must have the potential to benefit individuals, families, or communities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a typical data collection method used in qualitative research?

<p>Surveys and questionnaires. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a research protocol in relation to ethical considerations?

<p>To provide a detailed account of the study's methods and potential risks to participants. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of research design is most suitable for exploring the lived experiences of individuals within a specific cultural context?

<p>Ethnographic design. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using trustworthiness strategies in qualitative research?

<p>To ensure that data is collected and analyzed in a reliable and unbiased way. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a typical step involved in reporting and sharing research results?

<p>Conducting a pilot study to test the feasibility of the research design. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the 'Reflecting and Improving' stage in the research process?

<p>To critique the research methods and identify areas for improvement in future studies. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a dissemination plan in research?

<p>To ensure that research results are shared effectively with relevant audiences. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a key principle of informed consent in research?

<p>Coercion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a Research Ethics Committee (REC) in informed consent?

<p>To ensure that research is conducted ethically, including obtaining informed consent. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario might researchers seek assent from a participant instead of consent?

<p>When the participant is unable to provide consent due to incapacity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main methods of documenting informed consent?

<p>Written consent forms and electronic signatures. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by "naturalistic observation" in the context of research?

<p>Observing participants in their natural environment without their knowledge. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what conditions might researchers seek a waiver of informed consent?

<p>When the research involves minimal risk and no compromise to participants' rights. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the major problems faced by commuters in Metro Manila, according to the text?

<p>Heavy traffic congestion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the innovation introduced to address the difficulty in computing?

<p>Calculators (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the problem faced by rural folks in the early 20th century, which led to the invention of television and movies?

<p>Difficulty in seeing events at a distance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main point conveyed by the examples of man's problems and their solutions?

<p>Research plays a significant role in addressing human problems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an area of interest where research can be applied?

<p>Music (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What activity is recommended by the text to understand research better?

<p>Group discussions and reporting (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the intended learning outcomes at the end of this lesson, as stated in the text?

<p>To understand the nature, importance, and ethics of research (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main topic discussed in the section titled "Nature of Inquiry Research"?

<p>The definition and importance of research (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is it necessary to renew informed consent for research participants?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups are considered vulnerable research participants and require special protection?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary justification for conducting research involving human participants?

<p>To benefit the participants. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary responsibility of researchers when collecting and using personal information from participants?

<p>Protecting participants' privacy and confidentiality. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what situations should research involving vulnerable groups only be conducted if it benefits the population represented and cannot be conducted with non-vulnerable groups?

<p>When the benefits of the research outweigh the risks to participants. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can researchers minimize potential harm to participants while maximizing potential benefits?

<p>By carefully assessing risks and benefits before conducting the research. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a reason for renewing informed consent in ongoing research?

<p>The discovery of unexpected benefits for participants. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of informed consent in minimizing potential harm to participants?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Transportation advancements

Innovations like airplanes and cars that improve travel speed and distance.

Communication evolution

The development of tools like telephones and computers that enhance long-distance communication.

Electricity's impact

The introduction of electricity as a power source for light and convenience.

Definition of research

The process of discovering new knowledge or advancing existing theories.

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Purpose of inquiry

The act of seeking or searching for information and knowledge.

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Importance of research

Research provides knowledge necessary for informed decision-making in daily life.

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Concepts vs Theories

Research leads to new concepts or advancements in existing theories.

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Historical communication barriers

Challenges faced in the past for long-distance communication without modern technology.

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Characteristics of Research

Research is systematic, logical, empirical, and reproducible.

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Qualitative Research

Qualitative research focuses on understanding concepts, experiences, and social phenomena.

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Quantitative Research

Quantitative research uses numerical data to identify patterns and test theories.

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Research Process

The research process involves identifying a problem, reviewing literature, collecting data, analyzing results, and drawing conclusions.

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Ethics of Research

Research ethics involve principles of integrity, respect, and accountability in conducting research.

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Research Applications

Research can be applied in various fields like arts, science, and technology to address specific issues.

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Inquiry

Inquiry is the act of seeking information through questioning and exploration.

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Research

A careful, systematic study to discover facts or principles.

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Types of Research

Different approaches: Basic, Applied, Action, Evaluative Research.

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Basic Research

Fundamental study aimed at increasing knowledge without immediate application.

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Applied Research

Research aimed at solving practical problems.

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Action Research

A process of collective inquiry led by teams of teachers or researchers.

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Evaluative Research

Research that assesses the effectiveness of a program or product.

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Problem Solving Skills

Skills developed through research that drive innovation and progress.

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Dissemination plan

A strategy for sharing research results with appropriate audiences.

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Informed consent

A participant's voluntary agreement to join a study after understanding its purpose and procedures.

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Voluntary decision

A choice made by a participant free from coercion or undue influence.

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Assent

Agreement from individuals who cannot provide informed consent, requiring approval from a representative.

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Consent documentation

Records showing a participant's consent, often through signatures or marks.

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Waiver of informed consent

An exemption from needing informed consent in specific research situations, approved by REC.

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Naturalistic observation

A research technique where behavior is studied in its natural context without intervention.

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Confidentiality in research

The assurance that participant information will be kept private and secure.

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Literature Review

A comprehensive examination of existing theories, studies, and concepts.

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Research Purpose

A clear statement describing the aims of the research.

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Data Collection

The process of gathering information using various methods.

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Study Design

The framework that outlines how research will be conducted.

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Data Analysis

The process of interpreting collected data to derive insights.

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Validity and Reliability

Measures of the accuracy and consistency of research findings.

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Research Reporting

Preparing and sharing study findings with an audience.

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Social Value

Justification for research that addresses significant social or health issues.

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Renewing Consent

Informed consent must be periodically renewed based on study changes or new information.

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Vulnerable Participants

Participants with increased risks, needing extra protections and informed consent support.

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Benefits vs. Risks

Research requires a justified balance between potential benefits and risks to participants.

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Confidentiality

Researchers must protect participants' privacy and only disclose information legally required.

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Withdrawal of Consent

Participants can withdraw consent at any time during the research process.

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Assessment of Risks

A careful evaluation of potential harms and benefits must occur before research starts.

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Special Care Requirements

Research must offer additional support for participants who may consent under duress or lack understanding.

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Study Notes

Introduction to Practical Research 1 (Qualitative Research)

  • The course is titled Practical Research 1 (Qualitative Research)
  • Learning competencies include sharing research experiences, explaining research importance, describing research characteristics, process, and ethics; providing research examples in various fields (Arts, Humanities, Sports, Science, Business, Agriculture, Fisheries, Information and Communication Technology, and Social Inquiry).

Lesson 1: Nature of Inquiry Research

  • The lesson explores abstraction: What is inquiry?, What is research?, Why engage in research?, and How important is research in daily life?

Lessons

  • The lessons cover Introduction: Nature of Inquiry Research, Importance of Research, Characteristics of Research and Research Designs, Qualitative Research vs. Quantitative Research, Research Process, and Ethics of Research.

Activity: KWL Chart

  • This activity involves a KWL chart:
    • What I know about research and its importance
    • What I want to know about research and its importance
    • What I learned about research and its importance

Man's Major Problems Demand Research

  • Examples of problems that research addresses:
    • Commuting difficulties in Metro Manila
    • Difficulty in computing (3 decades ago)
    • Difficulty seeing distant events (early 20th-century rural folks)
    • Difficulty traveling long distances (great-grandparents using bamboo rafts)
    • Difficulty communicating with relatives/friends (a century ago)
    • The use of coconut oil lamps (more than a century ago)

Answers

  • Images of answers to the research problem examples are provided:
    • Train
    • Calculator
    • Television
    • Telephone
    • Jeepney
    • Electrical wires with sparks

Research Process

  • Research is defined as the process of discovering new knowledge. This new knowledge can lead to the development of new concepts or the advancement of existing theories and knowledge. This will result into a new understanding that was not previously know.

Types of Research

  • Basic Research (Study, First-hand research, Survey/Opinion, Simple Experiments)
  • Applied Research (Previous findings, Research used in the industry)
  • Action Research (Direct solution to problem)
  • Evaluative Research (Evaluates the program)

Inquiry

  • Inquiry is exploratory in nature, allowing individuals and students to grapple with diverse ways of considering issues and ideas, fostering creative thinking, especially in situations without readily available answers.

What is Research?

  • Research is defined as a careful, systematic study in the field of knowledge undertaken to discover or establish facts and principles.
  • Research is a process to collect and analyze information to increase understanding of a topic or issue.
  • Research is also a scientific investigation of phenomena, including the collection, analysis, and interpretation of facts.
  • Research is a systematic investigation and study of materials and sources to establish facts and reach new conclusions.

Research Hugot

  • Five reasons research is better than love:
    • Research is defendable
    • Research has ethical considerations
    • Research has significant levels
    • Research has clear and specific objectives
    • Research has a proposal

Importance of Research in Daily Life

  • Research has five significant impacts:
    • Aims for truth
    • Improves quality of human life
    • Saves lives (e.g., cancer research)
    • Gathers necessary information
    • Explores humanity

Research Leads To...

  • New Technology
  • New Tools/Devices
  • Better Conditions/Welfare Practice
  • Improved Quality of Life

Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research Design

  • Qualitative Research: exploratory research to understand underlying reasons, opinions, and motivations. It uncovers trends in thought and opinions.
  • Quantitative Research: used to quantify a problem using numerical data, to quantify attitudes, opinions, and behaviors, providing a generalized population sample.

Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research

  • Purpose, Approach to Inquiry, Research Setting, Sampling, Measurement, Data Collection Strategies, Data Analysis are listed in a table format to represent both Qualitative and Quantitative Research.

Research Experiences

  • This section asks students to discuss their past research experiences.

Research Activity

  • Students should divide into three groups and discuss research experiences, exploring how to use their learned research skills in daily life.

Importance of Research in Daily Life - Expanded

  • Building Knowledge and Facilitating Learning: Research allows for a deeper understanding of various subjects.
  • Informing Decision-Making: Research aids in informed choices across personal, professional, and public domains.
  • Addressing Societal Issues and Raising Public Awareness: Investigating social challenges leads to awareness and informs policies for community needs.
  • Driving Innovation and Economic Development: Research fuels technological advancement and business strategies to improve quality of life.
  • Debunking Misinformation and Upholding Truths: Research critically analyzes information, debunking myths and confirming facts.
  • Identifying Opportunities and Enhancing Personal Growth: Research uncovers possibilities and fosters critical thinking and problem solving.
  • Exercising the Mind and Promoting Mental Health: Research's analytical nature fosters cognitive functions, supporting mental well-being and resilience.
  • Research Empowerment: Integrating research into daily life empowers individuals to navigate complex situations with informed perspectives and innovative solutions

Elements of Research Ethics

  • The National Ethical Guidelines for Research Involving Human Participants (2022) are referenced.
  • Key elements include Social Value, Informed Consent, Documentation of Consent, Waiver of Informed Consent, Renewing Consent, Vulnerability of Research Participants, Benefits, Risks and Safety, Privacy and Confidentiality of Information, Justice, Transparency, and group reporting.

Characteristics of Research

  • Systematic Process: Research utilizes a structured approach following specific steps (problem identification, literature review, study design, data collection, analysis, conclusions).
  • Objectivity and Unbiased Approach: Research must use factual information, avoiding bias or personal opinions.
  • Feasibility: Research considerations prioritize the practicality of conducting the study.
  • Empirical Approach: Research uses appropriate methods to produce evidence-based information from concrete experimentation, direct or indirect observation, and verifiable experience.
  • Clear: Research uses comprehensible language to convey explanations effectively throughout the process.

The Research Process

  • Defines the systematic steps involved in conducting research from problem identification to reporting and sharing results, and reflection for improvement.
    • Identifying Research Problem (Qualitative/Quantitative)
    • Reviewing the Literature
    • Specifying Purpose/Objective
    • Designing the Study (Quantitative/Qualitative)
    • Collecting Data (Quantitative/Qualitative)
    • Analyzing and Interpreting the Data (Qualitative/Quantitative)
    • Validating the Findings (Qualitative/Quantitative)
    • Reporting and Sharing Results
    • Reflecting and Improving

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