Research Frameworks and Source Types Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is considered a primary source?

  • A news article summarizing research findings
  • A government's annual report (correct)
  • A movie review of a recently released film
  • A textbook analyzing historical events

What is the primary purpose of a conceptual framework in research?

  • To organize existing theories and generate new ones
  • To state the null and alternative hypotheses
  • To provide a detailed literature review
  • To present a visual structure of the research design and variable relationships (correct)

Which of these best describes a secondary source?

  • An interpretation of evidence with hindsight (correct)
  • An original piece of art
  • Raw data collected from a survey
  • A first-hand account of an event

What is the main function of a theoretical framework?

<p>To explain underlying mechanisms of observed behaviors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A null hypothesis is stated in what way?

<p>In a negative form, predicting no effect (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a primary source, as defined in the provided materials?

<p>A speech given by a political leader (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the relationship between a conceptual framework and a research design?

<p>The conceptual framework guides the development of the research design. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A textbook is best classified as what type of source?

<p>Tertiary (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a theoretical framework contribute to research?

<p>It offers a basis for organizing and verifying observations by established theories. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If you were studying the history of clothing, which would be the BEST example of a primary source?

<p>A piece of clothing from the time period being studied (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a characteristic of secondary sources?

<p>They often provide interpretation and evaluation of primary sources (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A research study's significance written in a deductive manner generally progresses from:

<p>General importance to society down to individual contributions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a tertiary source?

<p>A guide book for the region (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is most characteristic of an inductive approach to writing the significance of a study?

<p>Starting with specific personal contributions and broadening to generalized inferences. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element directly influences the choice of research design?

<p>The philosophical perspective adopted. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A researcher is studying the use of propaganda in World War II. Which of the following would be the BEST example of a primary source?

<p>A radio broadcast from World War II (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sources would likely contain the LEAST amount of interpretation?

<p>An original marriage license (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considerations when developing research instruments include all the following except:

<p>The chosen sampling method. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a typical focus when conducting qualitative research interviews or focus group discussions?

<p>Following the process with professional conduct. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these options would not typically be considered a secondary source?

<p>A government agency record (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When writing the significance of a study deductively, which of the following sequences is a typical starting point?

<p>From the study's overall importance to concrete individual contributions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect does not directly pertain to the methodology for gathering and treating data?

<p>The historical background of the chosen phenomena. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text imply about the nature of a study when it examines past events?

<p>It is aimed at understanding a phenomena that has already occurred. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary ethical consideration when using questionnaires in healthcare and social sciences?

<p>Adhering to ethical and moral codes of conduct (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the guidance, what should researchers do with respect to their organization's research framework?

<p>Follow it to ensure they are complying with external rules and expectations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should researchers avoid using lab settings when natural settings are available?

<p>Natural settings tend to produce more accurate and authentic results (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action is specifically discouraged with regards to variables during field research?

<p>Manipulating variables to try to obtain particular findings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for researchers to put together a team of experts?

<p>Expert and diverse teams provide support in diverse research areas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should researchers do after they have completed the observation and analysis process?

<p>Describe their observations in detail to report findings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of field research is explicitly mentioned as not to be skipped?

<p>The ethical considerations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should researchers inform participants that they are being studied, if possible?

<p>When there is an opportunity to inform them (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a reference list, how should the sources be ordered?

<p>Alphabetically by the last name of the first author. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes how to format article titles in a reference list?

<p>Only the first word should be capitalized, with no italics or quotes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should longer works such as book titles and journal titles appear in the reference list?

<p>In italics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct formatting for each reference in a reference list?

<p>The first line should be flush left, and subsequent lines indented. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the contents of an acknowledgement section?

<p>Appreciation to individuals who provided intellectual, personal, professional, or financial support to the research. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these documents is LEAST likely to be found in the appendices of a research paper?

<p>A detailed literature review (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of an abstract in a research paper?

<p>To present a brief summary of the entire research paper. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the university, what is the recommended spacing for references?

<p>Single spacing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the problem statement in determining the significance of a study?

<p>To guide the identification of the specific contributions of the research. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one way to identify the significance of a study?

<p>By observing the one-to-one correspondence between the statement of the problem and the potential contributions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a study investigates the relationship between teaching styles and student test scores, what would be considered an example of contribution of the research, according to the text?

<p>The identification of a teaching style that has a better correlation with student performance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the research design help a researcher in planning?

<p>Identifying the research environment, the population and method of sample selection. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'method' refer to in the context of research, according to the provided content?

<p>The specific strategies researchers use to collect data related to building and testing theories. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the provided text, what are 'decisions pertaining to what, where, when, how much, and by what means' related to in research?

<p>The research design. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the second step in writing the significance of a study according to the content provided?

<p>To identify the beneficiaries and the benefits they can get from the study. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a study aims to contribute to the way mathematics is taught, what is an expected outcome?

<p>An innovative teaching method that has a significant positive impact on students' performance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Primary sources

Directly from the time period under study, untouched by interpretation. These are raw, unfiltered data.

Secondary sources

Analyze and interpret primary sources. They provide commentary and analysis on primary sources.

Tertiary sources

Summarize and synthesize existing primary and secondary sources. Offer a broad overview of the topic.

Examples of Primary Sources

Examples of primary sources include novels, short stories, poems, and artifacts from the time period.

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Examples of Secondary Sources

Examples of secondary sources include journal articles, literary criticism, and biographies.

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Examples of Tertiary Sources

Examples of tertiary sources include encyclopedias, dictionaries, and bibliographies.

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Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles

Published articles reviewed by experts in the field to ensure quality and rigor.

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Bibliography

A collection of sources that relate to a specific topic.

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Conceptual Framework

A broad guideline that helps researchers understand the elements of a study and how they relate to each other.

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Hypothesis

A statement that proposes a relationship between variables in a study.

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Null Hypothesis (H0)

A hypothesis stating that there is no statistically significant relationship between variables.

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Alternative Hypothesis (Ha)

A hypothesis stating that there is a statistically significant relationship between variables.

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Theoretical Framework

Statements based on well-established theories that explain why things work the way they do.

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Significance of the Study

The specific contribution your research makes to existing knowledge.

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Problem Statement

A clear statement of the problem your research aims to solve.

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Contribution of the Research

How your research helps improve understanding or solve a problem.

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Research Method

The specific approach used to gather and analyze data.

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Research Design

A planned strategy for conducting research, including how data is collected, analyzed, and interpreted.

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Population

The group or groups of individuals relevant to your study.

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Research Site

The specific location where your research takes place.

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Sample

A smaller group selected from the population to represent the wider group.

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Sampling Method

A method used to select participants for a study, ensuring the sample represents the population.

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Sampling Criteria

Specific characteristics or qualities that participants must have to be included in the study.

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Deductive Significance

Describing the importance of a study by starting with broad societal impact and narrowing down to specific benefits for individuals.

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Inductive Significance

Describing the importance of a study by starting with the potential implications for individuals and expanding to broader societal contributions.

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Research Instruments

The tools used to collect data in a study, like questionnaires, interviews, or observations.

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Validity and Reliability

The accuracy and consistency of a research instrument, ensuring it measures what it is supposed to measure.

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Qualitative Data Gathering

The process of gathering and analyzing data in a qualitative study, like conducting interviews or focus groups.

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Historical Research

A research design used to investigate past events or phenomena, focusing on understanding and explaining what happened.

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Expert Research Team

A group of researchers with specialized knowledge in the area of study, assisting with fieldwork.

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Ethics in Research

Ensuring all research activities adhere to ethical guidelines and codes of conduct, protecting participants and fostering trust.

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Natural Settings for Research

Conducting research in natural environments to collect authentic and reliable data, minimizing artificial influences.

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Observing, Not Manipulating

Avoiding manipulation of variables to ensure research outcomes are natural and reflect genuine observations.

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Participant Awareness

Informing participants about their involvement in the research, when possible, maintaining transparency and respect.

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Following Existing Frameworks

Using an existing organization's or funding source's framework as a guide to ensure compliance and ethical research practices.

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Funding Source Impact

The research process is directly funded by a specific source, so always adhering to their guidelines and regulations.

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Official Research Team

The research team is official, but participants need to understand the research goals for informed consent and participation.

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References

A list of all sources used in a research paper, formatted according to a specific style guide (e.g., APA).

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Abstract

A brief summary of the research paper, typically no more than 250 words. It provides a concise overview of the research question, methods, findings, and conclusions.

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Acknowledgement

A section in a research paper where the author expresses gratitude to individuals or organizations who provided support or assistance during the research process.

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Appendices

Additional materials that support the research, such as questionnaires, consent forms, or data analysis outputs. They may be included at the end of the paper, after the references.

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APA Format

The style guide for writing and citing sources in academic works, commonly used in social sciences and humanities. It provides rules for formatting, in-text citations, and the reference list.

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In-Text Citation

A short citation within the text of a research paper that refers to a specific source. It helps readers identify the source of information used in the text.

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Referring

The process of ensuring that all ideas and borrowed materials are properly attributed to their original sources.

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Hanging Indentation

The specific style of formatting a reference list, where the first line of each entry is flush left, and subsequent lines are indented. It helps create a visually organized list.

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Study Notes

APP 007 (Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion)

  • This document covers research topics, planning, and methodologies.

How to Plan a Research Project

  • Find an interesting topic related to your strand.
  • Develop a specific research question.
  • Research existing literature.
  • Refine the research question.
  • Plan a feasible study.
  • Follow ethical guidelines.
  • Create a research protocol.

How to Narrow Down a Broad Topic

  • State a broad topic.
  • Describe a more specific area within the topic.
  • Ask clarifying questions (what, who, where, when, why, how).
  • Create a focused, specific topic.
  • Example: Broad topic: Paddling as punishment; Narrowed topic: Emotional effects of paddling on female children in grade school.
  • Avoid topics too broad (many sources) or narrow (limited sources).

Sources of Research Undertakings

  • Primary Sources: Original materials gathered for the specific research purpose (e.g., interviews, experiments).
  • Secondary Sources: Existing data from other sources (e.g., books, articles).
  • Tertiary Sources: Indexes, dictionaries, guides to locate primary and secondary sources (e.g., bibliographies).
  • Non-documentary Sources: Unpublished information (e.g., interviews, conversations).
  • Online Searching: Using search engines (e.g., Google, Bing).

Primary Sources

  • Original materials that haven't been filtered or interpreted.
  • Examples: novels, short stories, poems, artifacts, audio recordings.

Secondary Sources

  • Existing data, interpretations, or evaluations.
  • Examples: articles, books, histories.

Tertiary Sources

  • A compilation of primary and secondary sources.
  • Examples: bibliographies, almanacs, dictionaries.

SAS 3: Writing Chapter 1 (Conceptual Framework of the Study: Paradigm and Definition of Terms)

  • Conceptual Framework: A visual or written illustration of the research framework and variables.
  • Theoretical Framework: A broader perspective that explains the interrelationships and theories grounding the study.

SAS 4: Writing Chapter 1 (Conceptual Framework of the Study: Statement of the Problem and Hypotheses)

  • Hypothesis: A tentative answer to a research problem, predicting a relationship or effect.
  • Null Hypothesis (H0): States no relationship or difference between variables.
  • Alternative Hypothesis (Ha): Predicts a relationship or difference.

SAS 5: Writing Chapter 1 (Significance of the Study and Scope and Limitations)

  • Explains the study's importance.
  • Outlines the study's scope and limitations.

SAS 12: Writing Chapter 2 (Research Design, Participants, and Research Site)

  • Research Methods: Qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods.
  • Research Design: The structure, approach for conducting the research project.
  • Participants (population): Who or what will be studied in the research project.
  • Research Site: Location for the research or study.

SAS 13: Writing Chapter 2 (Materials and Instruments, Data Collection, and Data Analysis)

  • Data Collection Tools: Methods for gathering data (e.g., observation, interviews, questionnaires).
  • Observation: Direct observation of participants.
  • Interviews: In-depth discussions with participants.
  • Questionnaires: Pre-set questions for data collection.
  • Data Analysis: Procedures for interpreting data.

SAS 19: Writing Chapter 3 (Presenting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Data for Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods)

  • Summarizing data: Organizing collected information.
  • Presenting data with visuals (e.g., graphs, tables).

SAS 21: Writing Chapter 4 (Writing the Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendations)

  • Summary of Findings: A brief overview of the research conclusions.
  • Conclusions: The interpretations of the results and implications of the findings.
  • Recommendations: Suggestions for future research or actions based on the study’s conclusions.

SAS 22: Writing Supplementary Pages (References, Appendices, and Curriculum Vitae)

  • This section covers referencing styles and formatting, appendices, and a CV (for researchers).

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APP 007 (Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersion) PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on primary, secondary, and tertiary sources, as well as the roles of conceptual and theoretical frameworks in research. This quiz covers essential definitions and examples that are fundamental to understanding research methodologies.

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