Research Ethics: Principles and Values

A researcher is exploring the impact of a mindfulness app on reducing anxiety levels among university students before exams. Participants use the app for two weeks, and their anxiety levels are measured before and after the intervention. What potential carryover effect should the researchers be most concerned about?

A researcher is designing a longitudinal study to examine the relationship between childhood trauma and adult mental health outcomes. Considering the ethical guidelines for research with vulnerable populations, what is the most critical initial step the researcher should undertake?

A researcher is reviewing literature on effective interventions for reducing test anxiety in adolescents. After identifying numerous studies, they decide to conduct a meta-analysis. Which of the following steps is most critical for ensuring the validity and rigor of the meta-analysis?

In an experimental study examining the effects of a new medication on reducing symptoms of social anxiety, researchers used a double-blind procedure. What does this entail, and why is it important?

A research team is designing a between-groups experiment to test the effectiveness of a new cognitive training program on improving working memory capacity. To minimize the potential impact of participant characteristics on the study results, what strategy should the researchers prioritize?

A study is designed to evaluate the impact of a new workplace wellness program on employee productivity. Productivity is measured before the program's implementation, immediately after, and then 6 months later. What type of experimental design does this best exemplify?

A university ethics committee is reviewing a proposed study that involves interviewing undocumented immigrants about their experiences with discrimination and access to healthcare. Which of the following ethical considerations should be given the highest priority?

A researcher is planning a study to investigate the impact of a culturally tailored intervention on improving medication adherence among elderly patients with diabetes from a specific ethnic background. What should the researcher consider to ensure beneficence in this study?

A researcher is seeking to understand the cultural values and practices related to mental health within an Indigenous community. What approach would best demonstrate respect for the community's autonomy and self-determination?

Researchers are conducting an experiment to examine the effect of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance. Participants are randomly assigned to either a sleep-deprived group (less than 4 hours of sleep) or a control group (8 hours of sleep). What type of experimental design does this exemplify?

A research team is planning a study to assess the effectiveness of a new intervention for reducing symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in veterans. Which of the following considerations is most important for ensuring justice in participant selection?

In a qualitative study exploring the experiences of individuals undergoing treatment for opioid addiction, the researcher engages in reflexivity. What does this entail?

A research project seeks to understand the experiences of refugees as they resettle in a new country; a community that frequently presents cultural and linguistic barriers. What is the most appropriate initial step for the researchers?

A researcher is conducting a study to compare the effectiveness of two different types of therapy on reducing anxiety symptoms in adults. Participants are assigned to either Therapy A or Therapy B, and their anxiety levels are measured before and after the intervention. What additional element could be incorporated to create a mixed experimental design?

A researcher is investigating the impact of a new after-school program on improving academic achievement among elementary school students. Students are divided into groups based on whether they choose to participate in the program or not. Academic achievement is measured at the beginning and end of the school year. What type of research is most appropriate in this scenario?

In a study examining the effectiveness of a new drug for treating depression, researchers include a no-treatment control condition. What purpose does this condition serve?

Which of the following best describes cultural continuity within the context of research involving Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples?

What action exemplifies the principle of 'reciprocity' in research with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities?

In a study requiring the analysis and interpretation of visual artifacts, which aspect of qualitative analysis is most critical?

A study aims to compare the academic performance of students who use a new online learning platform with those who continue with traditional classroom instruction. The researcher matches students based on their prior academic performance, but students choose which method to adapt. Which research design would be most appropriate?

A researcher is planning a systematic literature review (SLR) on the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for treating anxiety disorders. What is the first critical step to conduct?

What aspect of study design focuses primarily on reducing the impact of experimenter-expectancy effects?

A researcher is conducting a single-variable study. What could the research involve?

What is the primary aim of a study employing a grounded theory approach?

A researcher uses a Likert scale to measure study participants attitudes towards social media, with responses ranging from 'Strongly Disagree' to 'Strongly Agree.' This study would be best described as which type of research approach?

A researcher wants to determine if there is a causal link between regular exercise and reduced anxiety levels. Which research design would be most appropriate?

A researcher conducted a survey asking participants to retrospectively report on their childhood experiences and their current levels of life satisfaction. Which key limitation does this study design face?

What element should all Institutional Ethics Reviews ensure?

A study intends to explore different coping mechanisms employed by individuals facing long-term unemployment. The data gathering involves in-depth interviews, focusing on personal narratives and experiences. Which research method is most suitable for this study?

When should researchers be concerned about research ethics?

A researcher tests whether holding a heavy clipboard influences judgements of seriousness when evaluating a hypothetical job applicant's resume. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the groups, and the researcher was unaware of the groups during collection. What type of experiment is this?

In a between-groups experiment investigating the impact of different teaching methods on student performance, the use of random assignment aims to address which threat to internal validity?

A researcher hypothesizes that increased social media use leads to decreased self-esteem in young adults. After collecting data on both variables, they find a significant negative correlation. What is the most appropriate interpretation of this finding?

N the context of research, what does justice primarily refer to?

In a research study among refugee participants, how do linguistic adaptations such as translating research to their native tongue serve ethical considerations?

A team of researchers is planning a meta-analysis on interventions for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). What should they do to avoid bias?