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Questions and Answers
Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of defining the research environment?
What is the primary purpose of defining the research environment?
- To explain the theoretical framework guiding the research.
- To outline the specific location where data will be collected. (correct)
- To identify the target audience for the study.
- To describe the research method used for data collection.
In a survey research design, why is it crucial to explain the sampling technique used?
In a survey research design, why is it crucial to explain the sampling technique used?
- To demonstrate the reliability and validity of the research instruments.
- To explain how the selected sample represents the larger population of interest. (correct)
- To ensure the study is conducted ethically and with participant consent.
- To justify the relevance of the research to the study's objectives.
Which aspect of the research design focuses on the path taken to achieve the study's objectives?
Which aspect of the research design focuses on the path taken to achieve the study's objectives?
- Research Design (correct)
- Research Participants
- Research Environment
- Research Instrument
Which of the following is NOT a key element of defining the research participants in a survey study?
Which of the following is NOT a key element of defining the research participants in a survey study?
Why is validating a researcher-made survey questionnaire essential?
Why is validating a researcher-made survey questionnaire essential?
What is a primary purpose of clearly outlining the research design in a research proposal?
What is a primary purpose of clearly outlining the research design in a research proposal?
In a survey research design, what is the primary objective of describing the research respondents?
In a survey research design, what is the primary objective of describing the research respondents?
Which of the following is MOST relevant when explaining the research design in a research proposal?
Which of the following is MOST relevant when explaining the research design in a research proposal?
What is the main characteristic that differentiates true experimental research from quasi-experimental research?
What is the main characteristic that differentiates true experimental research from quasi-experimental research?
In the example "Does noise affect the amount that people can remember when learning?", what is the dependent variable?
In the example "Does noise affect the amount that people can remember when learning?", what is the dependent variable?
What is the primary goal of experimental research?
What is the primary goal of experimental research?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a true experimental design?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a true experimental design?
Which type of experimental design is considered less rigorous than a true experimental design?
Which type of experimental design is considered less rigorous than a true experimental design?
What is the main reason to include a control group in an experimental study?
What is the main reason to include a control group in an experimental study?
Which of the following is NOT a type of quantitative research design?
Which of the following is NOT a type of quantitative research design?
How does random assignment help to ensure the internal validity of a true experimental design?
How does random assignment help to ensure the internal validity of a true experimental design?
Which research design focuses on describing the current state of a specific aspect being studied?
Which research design focuses on describing the current state of a specific aspect being studied?
What type of research design would be used to investigate the long-term effects of a new medication on patient health?
What type of research design would be used to investigate the long-term effects of a new medication on patient health?
A researcher wants to understand the differences in stress levels between students living on-campus and off-campus. What research design would be most appropriate?
A researcher wants to understand the differences in stress levels between students living on-campus and off-campus. What research design would be most appropriate?
A study aims to determine if there is a relationship between hours of sleep and academic performance. What type of research design would be most suitable?
A study aims to determine if there is a relationship between hours of sleep and academic performance. What type of research design would be most suitable?
Which research design relies on data gathered from participants at a single point in time?
Which research design relies on data gathered from participants at a single point in time?
A study that investigates the impact of childhood trauma on adult mental health by gathering data from individuals with a history of trauma would be considered which type of research?
A study that investigates the impact of childhood trauma on adult mental health by gathering data from individuals with a history of trauma would be considered which type of research?
A researcher wants to understand the reasons behind the decline in student enrollment at a particular university. What research design would be most helpful?
A researcher wants to understand the reasons behind the decline in student enrollment at a particular university. What research design would be most helpful?
Which research design relies heavily on self-reported data through questionnaires or interviews?
Which research design relies heavily on self-reported data through questionnaires or interviews?
What is the main purpose of research ethics?
What is the main purpose of research ethics?
What is NOT a primary principle of research ethics?
What is NOT a primary principle of research ethics?
What is the main purpose of reliability in research?
What is the main purpose of reliability in research?
Which type of validity assesses how well a test measures a specific theoretical construct?
Which type of validity assesses how well a test measures a specific theoretical construct?
What statistical technique is typically used to determine the significant difference between pre-test and post-test scores?
What statistical technique is typically used to determine the significant difference between pre-test and post-test scores?
What does the Pearson correlation coefficient measure?
What does the Pearson correlation coefficient measure?
Which of the following is NOT a type of reliability?
Which of the following is NOT a type of reliability?
What does it mean for a questionnaire to be 'standardized'?
What does it mean for a questionnaire to be 'standardized'?
What information should be included if a researcher is using a standardized questionnaire in their study?
What information should be included if a researcher is using a standardized questionnaire in their study?
What information should be included when describing a researcher-made questionnaire?
What information should be included when describing a researcher-made questionnaire?
What is the purpose of data gathering in a research study?
What is the purpose of data gathering in a research study?
Which of these is NOT a step in the data gathering process?
Which of these is NOT a step in the data gathering process?
What is the difference between qualitative data analysis and quantitative data analysis?
What is the difference between qualitative data analysis and quantitative data analysis?
Which of these is NOT a descriptive statistic used in quantitative data analysis?
Which of these is NOT a descriptive statistic used in quantitative data analysis?
Which of these is NOT an inferential statistical test used in quantitative data analysis?
Which of these is NOT an inferential statistical test used in quantitative data analysis?
Questions and Answers
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Flashcards
Flashcards
Research Design
Research Design
Framework for selecting research methods to meet study objectives.
Research Environment
Research Environment
Location where the research is conducted, highlighting its significance.
Primary Research Environment
Primary Research Environment
The main location for conducting the research, such as a school building.
Secondary Research Environment
Secondary Research Environment
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Research Participants
Research Participants
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Sampling Technique
Sampling Technique
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Research Instrument
Research Instrument
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Validation of Tools
Validation of Tools
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Standardized Questionnaire
Standardized Questionnaire
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Researcher-Made Questionnaire
Researcher-Made Questionnaire
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Data Gathering Process
Data Gathering Process
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Qualitative Data Analysis
Qualitative Data Analysis
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Quantitative Data Analysis
Quantitative Data Analysis
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Descriptive Statistics
Descriptive Statistics
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Inferential Statistics
Inferential Statistics
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Cronbach’s Alpha
Cronbach’s Alpha
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Validity
Validity
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Reliability
Reliability
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Pearson r
Pearson r
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T-test
T-test
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Informed Consent
Informed Consent
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Voluntary Participation
Voluntary Participation
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Beneficence
Beneficence
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Research Ethics
Research Ethics
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Safety Measures in Research
Safety Measures in Research
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Confidentiality in Research
Confidentiality in Research
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Incentives in Research
Incentives in Research
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Quantitative Research Types
Quantitative Research Types
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Experimental Research
Experimental Research
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True Experimental Design
True Experimental Design
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Quasi-Experimental Design
Quasi-Experimental Design
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Variables in Research
Variables in Research
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Survey Studies
Survey Studies
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Retrospective Study
Retrospective Study
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Cross-sectional Study
Cross-sectional Study
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Longitudinal Study
Longitudinal Study
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Descriptive Study
Descriptive Study
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Comparative Study
Comparative Study
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Correlational Study
Correlational Study
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Flashcards
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Study Notes
Study Notes
Research Methodology
- Research methodology outlines the framework and techniques chosen for a research study, explaining the research type.
- It details the path researchers take to accomplish the overall and specific objectives of the study.
Qualitative Research (Pure)
- Chapter 3: Includes sections for proposed method (research design), research environment, research participants, research instrument, and data gathering procedure (pre-data, actual, and post-data). Also includes sections for rigor in research, data analysis, and ethical considerations.
- Data Gathering Procedure: Broken down into pre-data gathering, actual data gathering (interview proper), and post-data gathering phases.
Quantitative Research (Survey)
- Chapter 3: Includes sections for proposed method (research design), research environment, description of respondents, research instrument, data gathering procedure (pre-data, actual, and post-data), data analysis, and ethical considerations.
- Data Gathering Procedure: Includes pre-data gathering, actual data gathering (survey proper), and post-data gathering phases.
Quantitative Research (Experimental)
- Chapter 3: Includes sections for proposed method (research design), research environment, research procedure (preparations, actual experimentation, data gathering), data analysis, and ethical considerations.
- Research Procedure: Includes distinct sub-sections for preparations, actual experimentation, and data gathering
Research Design
- A framework of research methods and techniques.
- Explains the type of research and the path researchers will take to reach research objectives.
Research Environment
- 1st Paragraph: Describes the primary research environment, highlighting the significance. (e.g. school building).
- 2nd Paragraph: Explains the virtual environment of online surveys or interviews, or experimental testing sites/facilities.
Research Participants/Respondents
- 1st paragraph: a. Describes the respondents. b. Explains why specific respondents were chosen.
- 2nd paragraph: a. Specifies the population, sampling technique, and sample size. b. Explains the appropriateness of the sampling technique. c. Explains how the sampling technique assists in data collection.
Research Instrument (Quantitative - Survey)
- Specifies the research tool. Explaining the tool's significance, whether it's researcher-made or standardized. Clarifying tool validation (if researcher-made).
- If standardized, provides details on the tool (name, authors, original purpose, measurement). Explains how the tool is useful for the research goal.
- If researcher-made, details to be supplied include: topics included, intended measurement, explanation of creation process, reliability/validity testing and method, and involvement of experts (including Cronbach's Alpha value)
Data Gathering
- Explains the full data collection process including pre-, actual, and post-data stages. Covers both qualitative and quantitative research.
Pre-Data Gathering
- Qualitative/Quantitative - Survey: Outline the process of preparing for data collection including Ethics Board approval. Include drafting of transmittal letters, participant preparation, materials preparation (if applicable).
- Experimental: Describe how the transmittal letter, procedure familiarity, materials preparation, and (if applicable) parent consent will be addressed.
Actual Data Gathering
- Survey Research: Explains how the survey forms (online or onsite) are sent and how respondents are identified. Includes explanation on checking for complete responses data gathering.
- Qualitative research: Explains the interview dynamics, duration, question types, and when to conclude the interview.
- Experimental: Detailed explanation of how the experiment is conducted, the characteristics of the process, specific details, and timeframes
Post-Data Gathering (Qualitative/Quantitative - Survey)
- Survey Research: Explains what happens after data collection is complete. Covers data organization techniques, examples (figures, tables).
- Qualitative Research: Explains how the researcher handles data after all interviews are complete, including methods such as converting video to audio data and creating transcript.
- Experimental: Explains the action following experimentation, the testing approach, and the result quantification methods.
Data Analysis
- Qualitative Research: Details the thematic coding methods researchers will use.
- Quantitative Research: Explains the statistical methods (descriptive or inferential), the types of data expected (e.g. nominal or interval), and where to collect the data (e.g. sensory evaluations, tests). Includes the specific formulas used for analyses.
Rigor in Research
- Quantitative Research: Details validity (face, construct, criterion-related) and reliability (test-retest, parallel form, inter-rater).
Sample
- To ensure research credibility and trustworthiness, there will be analyses for consistency between research methods, accuracy, and results explanations. Review transcripts for similarities amongst study participants, emphasizing the importance of thoroughness, detailed explanations to make research easily followed, and to allow the transferability of methods.
Research Ethics
- Describes ethical researcher conduct regarding honest representation, proper scientific standards, and data gathering prior to research procedures. Explains how the process considers human subjects (informed consent, voluntary participation). Includes, confidentiality, anonymity and privacy policies and incentives or compensations are included as relevant.
Types of Quantitative Research
- Explains various quantitative research types and examples, including experimental and non-experimental designs.
Qualitative vs. Quantitative
- Provides a comparison table of Qualitative and Quantitative research methodologies
Types of Non-Experimental Design
- Outlines different types of non-experimental research (survey, retrospective, cross-sectional, longitudinal, descriptive, comparative, correlational, evaluative).
Types of Experimental Design
- Distinguishes different experimental designs: true experimental and quasi-experimental and details their specific characteristics.
- True Experimental: Designs that utilize comparison or control groups, where participants are randomly allocated, and where the researcher manipulates independent variables.
- Quasi-Experimental: Types of designs that may lack a control group or where randomization of participant allocation is not possible.
Types of Experimental Variables
- Explains the different types of variables in an experiment (independent, dependent, and control variables) with practical examples.
Survey Studies
- Highlights the self-reporting approach used to collect data from participants. Gives specific examples
Retrospective
- Explains that the method focuses on determining past independent variables based on present dependent variables.
Cross-Sectional
- Details how data is collected as a single point in time, focusing on various stages or phases of experience.
Longitudinal
- Explains research that collects data from the same participants at different points in time.
Descriptive
- Explains how the aim is to describe the current status of a discovered variable or phenomenon.
Comparative
- Details this method as comparing different groups in relation to specific variables.
Correlational
- Outlines the statistical relationship between two or more variables.
Evaluative
- Details the method that uses evaluation for worth, and value judgments to understand different outcomes whether through process or outcome.
Ethical Considerations for Qualitative/Quantitative Survey Research.
- Explains participant protections and data privacy. Outlines ethical guidelines that must be observed in the entirety of the research.
Research Ethics
- Explains ethical researcher conduct regarding honest representation, proper scientific standards, and data gathering prior to research procedures. Explains how the process considers human subjects (informed consent, voluntary participation). Includes, confidentiality, anonymity and privacy policies and incentives or compensations are included as relevant.
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