Research Design and Methodology
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes when a researcher examines how their background might influence their interpretations of the data?

  • Transformative
  • Holistic
  • Reflexivity (correct)
  • Procedural
  • A study where a researcher studies one group and gives them an intervention would be classified as which of the following?

  • Single stage
  • Multistage
  • Embedded
  • Pre-experimental (correct)
  • Which sample size is generally used for grounded theory?

  • More than 35 participants
  • Two to three participants
  • Six to eight participants
  • Between 20 and 30 participants (correct)
  • A researcher uses a set of categories to develop a story. This could be described best as being:

    <p>Selective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines the 'content' of a study?

    <p>Whether a tool measures the intended items</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept involves incorporating different forms of data within a larger research design?

    <p>Embedded</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method is best for understanding the 'complete understanding' of research problems/questions?

    <p>Procedural</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A researcher uses a social justice framework for their mixed methods study, this is best known as:

    <p>Transformative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which research approach involves comparing results from separately analyzed quantitative and qualitative data?

    <p>Convergent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of mixed methods research might the research plan shift or change after data collection has begun?

    <p>Emergent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of sampling is characterized by choosing participants based on their availability and convenience?

    <p>Non-probability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A researcher analyzes field notes on the activities of individuals at a research site. What data collection type is this?

    <p>Observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What measurement of reliability assesses the stability of scores over time?

    <p>Test-retest correlation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key benefit of mixed methods research in minimizing research limitations?

    <p>General approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which approach does the researcher randomly assign participants to treatment groups?

    <p>True experiment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following refers to the validity of a measure in representing a theoretical idea?

    <p>Construct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Research Design and Methodology

    • Emergent Design: Initial research plans may change during data collection.
    • Multiphase Projects: Research projects may combine quantitative and qualitative approaches, or focus on one type of study over time.
      • Convergent: Data are collected and analyzed separately, then compared for agreement or disagreement.
      • Sequential: One type of data collection and analysis informs the other.
    • Construct Validity: Ensuring the study's measurements accurately reflect the concepts being investigated.
    • Observation: Researchers record participant behaviors and activities. (e.g., systematic, content, etc.)
    • Grounded Theory: Sample size typically 20-30 participants.
    • Interviews: Face-to-face, phone, or focus group interviews to gather detailed information.
    • Reflexivity: Researchers acknowledge their own biases and experiences.
    • Mixed Methods: Combining qualitative and quantitative approaches for a more comprehensive understanding.
      • Strengths of Mixed Methods: Leverage the strengths of both qual/quant approaches.
      • Minimizing Limitations: Avoid the limitations of singular approaches (qualitative/quantitative).
      • Practical Approaches: More sophisticated and complex studies.
    • Non-Probability Sampling: Participants are chosen based on convenience or availability.
    • Researcher as Instrument: Researchers collect data themselves through document review, observation, and interviews.
    • Axial Coding: Connecting categories to a theoretical model to gain more insight.
    • True Experiment: Random assignment of participants to different groups.
    • Test-Retest Correlation & Internal Consistency: Evaluating the reliability of measurements.
    • Data Types: Include various media like photos, video, sound, etc.
    • Narrative Data: A good sample size is two to three participants.
    • Embedded Design: A large design incorporating various data collection methods.
    • Multistage Sampling: Selecting groups/organizations and then individuals within those groups.
    • Single Stage Sampling: Directly sampling from a population.
    • Transformative Research: using social justice theory as a framework.
    • Selective Explication: Using interconnected categories to build a story.
    • Member Checking: Getting feedback from participants on the accuracy and interpretations of results.

    Ethnography

    • Characteristics: Studies a single culture through multiple artifacts, observations, and interviews.
    • Explanatory Design: Using qualitative data to further explain quantitative findings.

    Data Analysis and Interpretation

    • Peer Debriefing: A colleague reviews and critically analyzes the qualitative data.
    • Data Transformation: Merging qualitative and quantitative findings for a complete picture.
    • External Auditor: An independent reviewer assesses the study's procedures and validity.

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    Description

    This quiz covers key concepts in research design and methodology, including emergent design, multiphase projects, and mixed methods. Understand the importance of construct validity, observation techniques, and data collection methods like interviews. Test your knowledge on how these elements contribute to effective research outcomes.

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