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Questions and Answers
According to positivism, what is the role of the researcher?
According to positivism, what is the role of the researcher?
- A neutral presence minimizing the impact of bias
- A detached observer striving for objectivity (correct)
- An active participant shaping the study
- A subjective interpreter of reality
In interpretivism, what is the emphasis of methodology?
In interpretivism, what is the emphasis of methodology?
- Mixed methods combining qualitative and quantitative approaches
- Experimental methods focusing on empirical evidence
- Quantitative methods emphasizing replicability
- Qualitative methods exploring subjective experiences (correct)
What is the nature of reality according to positivism?
What is the nature of reality according to positivism?
- Reality discovered through systematic observation
- Objective and tangible reality that exists independently of individuals (correct)
- Subjective and socially constructed reality
- Reality shaped by individual experiences and perspectives
How is knowledge gained according to interpretivism?
How is knowledge gained according to interpretivism?
Which type of research design involves manipulation of independent variables to study main and interaction effects?
Which type of research design involves manipulation of independent variables to study main and interaction effects?
What type of study involves examining relationships between variables, like hours of study and academic performance?
What type of study involves examining relationships between variables, like hours of study and academic performance?
Which type of research design ensures every individual has an equal chance of selection for a sample, providing more generalizable results?
Which type of research design ensures every individual has an equal chance of selection for a sample, providing more generalizable results?
What type of research design involves immersive study of cultural groups?
What type of research design involves immersive study of cultural groups?
Which type of study looks back in time to analyze past events using existing records?
Which type of study looks back in time to analyze past events using existing records?
What type of research design involves systematic examination of past events and contexts using historical records and primary sources?
What type of research design involves systematic examination of past events and contexts using historical records and primary sources?
Which non-experimental research design describes phenomena without manipulating variables?
Which non-experimental research design describes phenomena without manipulating variables?
Which type of research design involves collaborative design aiming to address real-world problems through iterative cycles of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting?
Which type of research design involves collaborative design aiming to address real-world problems through iterative cycles of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting?
What are true experimental designs with random assignment and control groups, used in medical trials like testing new drugs versus placebos?
What are true experimental designs with random assignment and control groups, used in medical trials like testing new drugs versus placebos?
Which type of research design generates theory from data?
Which type of research design generates theory from data?
What type of non-probability sampling method has limited generalizability?
What type of non-probability sampling method has limited generalizability?
What type of research design examines individuals' lived experiences?
What type of research design examines individuals' lived experiences?
What is the main purpose of sampling methods in statistics?
What is the main purpose of sampling methods in statistics?
Which sampling method involves dividing the population into subgroups based on important characteristics and sampling from each stratum?
Which sampling method involves dividing the population into subgroups based on important characteristics and sampling from each stratum?
What is the potential drawback of convenience sampling?
What is the potential drawback of convenience sampling?
Which sampling method involves randomly selecting entire clusters or groups for inclusion in the study?
Which sampling method involves randomly selecting entire clusters or groups for inclusion in the study?
What does quota sampling select participants based on?
What does quota sampling select participants based on?
What is the potential limitation of purposive/selective sampling?
What is the potential limitation of purposive/selective sampling?
What is the target population in a research study?
What is the target population in a research study?
Which sampling method involves multiple stages of sampling, starting with broad clusters and narrowing down to individual units?
Which sampling method involves multiple stages of sampling, starting with broad clusters and narrowing down to individual units?
What does random sampling ensure for every individual in the population?
What does random sampling ensure for every individual in the population?
What is the potential benefit of matched sample matching?
What is the potential benefit of matched sample matching?
Which sampling method deliberately chooses participants based on specific criteria?
Which sampling method deliberately chooses participants based on specific criteria?
What is the potential drawback of cluster sampling?
What is the potential drawback of cluster sampling?
What are the types of hypotheses mentioned in the text?
What are the types of hypotheses mentioned in the text?
What is the role of the researcher in pragmatism, according to the text?
What is the role of the researcher in pragmatism, according to the text?
What is the emphasis of pragmatism regarding reality?
What is the emphasis of pragmatism regarding reality?
What is the key characteristic of quasi-experimental designs?
What is the key characteristic of quasi-experimental designs?
What is the purpose of operational and conceptual definitions of variables in research?
What is the purpose of operational and conceptual definitions of variables in research?
What do pragmatic researchers focus on?
What do pragmatic researchers focus on?
What do factorial designs involve?
What do factorial designs involve?
What is the primary emphasis of pragmatism in research methods?
What is the primary emphasis of pragmatism in research methods?
What is the focus of researchers in pragmatism regarding phenomena?
What is the focus of researchers in pragmatism regarding phenomena?
What are the steps involved in research, as mentioned in the text?
What are the steps involved in research, as mentioned in the text?
What is the defining characteristic of true experimental designs?
What is the defining characteristic of true experimental designs?
What is the purpose of types of hypotheses in research?
What is the purpose of types of hypotheses in research?
What is the accessible population in research?
What is the accessible population in research?
What does the concept of 'researcher as an instrument' acknowledge?
What does the concept of 'researcher as an instrument' acknowledge?
What do instruments refer to in research?
What do instruments refer to in research?
What is the primary purpose of Likert scales in research?
What is the primary purpose of Likert scales in research?
What is the main function of visual analogue scales in research?
What is the main function of visual analogue scales in research?
Which types of data are captured using qualitative data collection methods?
Which types of data are captured using qualitative data collection methods?
What does internal validity refer to in research?
What does internal validity refer to in research?
What are threats to internal validity in research?
What are threats to internal validity in research?
What does external validity concern in research?
What does external validity concern in research?
What does Cronbach's alpha measure in research?
What does Cronbach's alpha measure in research?
What does KR-20 assess in research?
What does KR-20 assess in research?
What does face validity assess in research?
What does face validity assess in research?
Study Notes
Understanding Research Concepts and Methods
- Accessible population is a subset of the target population that researchers can realistically reach and include in a study, based on practical constraints.
- The "researcher as an instrument" concept acknowledges the researcher's role in data collection, particularly in qualitative research where their skills and interactions are crucial.
- Instruments in research refer to tools or methods used for collecting data, such as Likert scales and visual analogue scales.
- Likert scales are used to measure attitudes or opinions, while visual analogue scales assess subjective experiences or perceptions.
- Qualitative data collection methods include field notes, interviews, and observations, capturing detailed narrative descriptions and in-depth information.
- Internal validity refers to the extent to which study effects can be attributed to the independent variable, while external validity concerns the generalizability of findings.
- Threats to internal validity include selection bias, history effects, maturation, testing effects, and instrumentation.
- Threats to external validity include population, ecological, and temporal validity.
- Cronbach's alpha measures internal consistency reliability, commonly used in the social sciences to assess survey instruments or scales.
- KR-20 assesses internal consistency reliability for tests with dichotomous items, providing similar information to Cronbach's alpha.
- Face validity assesses if a measurement appears to measure what it claims to measure, while content validity evaluates if a measurement reflects the entire range of the construct being measured.
- These concepts and methods are fundamental in research and play a crucial role in ensuring the quality and reliability of study findings.
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Description
Test your knowledge of fundamental research concepts and methods with this quiz. Explore topics such as accessible population, researcher as an instrument, data collection instruments, qualitative methods, internal and external validity, threats to validity, and reliability measures like Cronbach's alpha and KR-20. Assess your understanding of key concepts essential for conducting high-quality and reliable research.
