Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the observer effect in the context of observations?
What is the observer effect in the context of observations?
- Participants behave naturally when observed.
- Participants change their behavior because they are being observed. (correct)
- The observer misinterprets the actions of participants.
- The environment has no impact on participants' behavior.
Which of the following practices should be avoided when conducting interviews?
Which of the following practices should be avoided when conducting interviews?
- Starting the interview with a solution to the problem. (correct)
- Looking for inconsistencies in answers.
- Documenting the interview process.
- Asking for specific examples from previous experiences.
Why is it important to maintain confidentiality during interviews?
Why is it important to maintain confidentiality during interviews?
- To ensure that the research remains unbiased.
- To collect more data from participants later.
- To comply with ethical standards of research. (correct)
- To encourage participants to speak freely. (correct)
What is a key aspect of ethical interviews?
What is a key aspect of ethical interviews?
Which question type is advisable to use during interviews?
Which question type is advisable to use during interviews?
What is triangulation in research?
What is triangulation in research?
What does the principle of beneficence in ethical considerations refer to?
What does the principle of beneficence in ethical considerations refer to?
What type of informants should you reach out to for gathering data?
What type of informants should you reach out to for gathering data?
What is the primary focus of the client's design brief?
What is the primary focus of the client's design brief?
Why did the project team decide to limit their focus to North American university students?
Why did the project team decide to limit their focus to North American university students?
Which method is recommended for team conversations to ensure a shared understanding?
Which method is recommended for team conversations to ensure a shared understanding?
What type of sources is considered most credible for background research?
What type of sources is considered most credible for background research?
What is essential for convincing investors of the project's significance?
What is essential for convincing investors of the project's significance?
Which of the following is deemed an unacceptable source for Report 1?
Which of the following is deemed an unacceptable source for Report 1?
What is one of the key skills mentioned that aids in effective research?
What is one of the key skills mentioned that aids in effective research?
What is the purpose of conducting interviews and observations in the research phase?
What is the purpose of conducting interviews and observations in the research phase?
What is a recommended method for organizing research within a team?
What is a recommended method for organizing research within a team?
Which platform is NOT mentioned as a source for peer-reviewed articles?
Which platform is NOT mentioned as a source for peer-reviewed articles?
What is a potential disadvantage of conducting interviews?
What is a potential disadvantage of conducting interviews?
What is a key characteristic of user-centered design?
What is a key characteristic of user-centered design?
What should an observer focus on during their observations?
What should an observer focus on during their observations?
Which of the following best describes a negative aspect of observing a problem?
Which of the following best describes a negative aspect of observing a problem?
Before conducting interviews, what should be done first?
Before conducting interviews, what should be done first?
What is an effective practice for making observations?
What is an effective practice for making observations?
Which of the following is a benefit of interviewing representative people?
Which of the following is a benefit of interviewing representative people?
Which among the following is important for successful teamwork in research?
Which among the following is important for successful teamwork in research?
What is the maximum implementation cost for the project stated?
What is the maximum implementation cost for the project stated?
Which of the following criteria must be met to minimize student travel time?
Which of the following criteria must be met to minimize student travel time?
What is the primary goal regarding student stress?
What is the primary goal regarding student stress?
Which feature must the project ensure for conducting meetings?
Which feature must the project ensure for conducting meetings?
What is the time frame within which the project must be implemented?
What is the time frame within which the project must be implemented?
How should the project increase group meeting spaces?
How should the project increase group meeting spaces?
What building standard must the project comply with?
What building standard must the project comply with?
Which aspect is critical for the bag designed for the quadriplegic client?
Which aspect is critical for the bag designed for the quadriplegic client?
What is the primary focus of the university student food problem?
What is the primary focus of the university student food problem?
Which of the following is NOT a constraint mentioned for the university student food problem?
Which of the following is NOT a constraint mentioned for the university student food problem?
What is one of the objectives for addressing the university student food problem?
What is one of the objectives for addressing the university student food problem?
Which of the following acts must food adhere to according to the constraints?
Which of the following acts must food adhere to according to the constraints?
What should be maximized according to the objectives for the university student food problem?
What should be maximized according to the objectives for the university student food problem?
Which factor is NOT considered a major constraint in the university student food problem?
Which factor is NOT considered a major constraint in the university student food problem?
What does the constraint regarding 'Maximum residue limits for pesticides' apply to?
What does the constraint regarding 'Maximum residue limits for pesticides' apply to?
What is one of the required functions of the food to be provided to students?
What is one of the required functions of the food to be provided to students?
According to the requirements, which aspect must be maximized?
According to the requirements, which aspect must be maximized?
What does the course-specific constraint primarily involve?
What does the course-specific constraint primarily involve?
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Study Notes
Research
- Conduct thorough research before interviewing individuals or experts
- Use credible sources like patents, government websites, academic journals, and conference proceedings
- Do not use Google, Wikipedia, or ChatGPT as primary references
- Search for relevant publications on Summon, Compendex, Google Scholar, or Scopus
Observation
- Observe the problem firsthand
- Be mindful of the observer effect, where individuals behave differently under observation
- Focus on capturing observable facts and avoid personal assumptions
- Identify patterns and repetitions in observations
- Watch the video at this link: [video link provided]
Interviewing
- Prepare interview questions in advance
- Include "Why" questions
- Ask about specific instances instead of general habits
- Pay attention to inconsistencies and body language
- Do not suggest answers
- Don't initiate with solutions, focus on problems first
- Avoid binary questions
- Document every detail of the interview
- Identify questions requiring clarification
- Maintain ethical standards:
- Avoid causing harm, physically or mentally
- Respect confidentiality
- Adhere to ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice
- Determine when sufficient information is gathered through triangulation or theoretical saturation
- Reach out to community members for interviews
- Practice professionalism when contacting potential informants
- Consider UBCO stakeholders, faculty, and TAs as potential informants
Constraints
- Define project constraints related to the need statement
- Identify constraints that are economic, social, political, environmental, regulatory, and unique to specific courses
- Examples of constraints relating to university student food:
- Adhering to Health Canada food safety standards and guidelines
- Meeting the Health Canada Safe Food for Canadians Act
- Meeting the Health Canada Consumer Packaging and Labelling Act
- Complying with the US FDA regulations for food processing, packaging, and storage
- Following food laws of all 23 countries in North America
- Sticking to the course prototyping budget of $100.00
Requirements and FOCS
- Identify functions, objectives, and constraints related to the need statement
- Examples of functions, objectives, and constraints for university student food:
- Functions:
- Provide all necessary nourishment for survival
- Meet recommended Health Canada servings of fruits and vegetables
- Objectives:
- Minimize food preparation time
- Minimize cost
- Maximize perceived health
- Maximize taste
- Maximize fullness
- Constraints:
- Must follow Health Canada food safety standards and guidelines
- Must abide by the Health Canada Safe Food for Canadians Act
- Must adhere to course prototyping budget of $100.00
- Functions:
Example Warm-Up Exercise
- Client: “Hello, first year engineering students. I am quadriplegic and use a motorized wheelchair controlled by a mouth piece. I am looking for you to create a reusable bag that attaches to my wheelchair so I can carry groceries home from the store easily. Currently, the bags that attach to my wheel chair are too small and fall off when I put in more than 5 lbs. I need you to design a bigger bag, that can carry more weight, that is easy to use, and easy to clean.”
- Watch these videos: [video links provided]
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