Reptiles vs Mammals: Comparative Quiz

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Questions and Answers

When body structures of two different organisms have similar form, they are said to be _______.

similar

analogous

homologous (correct)

homozygous

By comparing the amino acid sequences of chimpanzees, orangutans, and humans, a scientist is said to be looking for evidence of evolution by means of what?

comparative embryology

cytochrome analysis

molecular biology

comparative biochemistry (correct)

Which of the following is an example of anatomical evidence for evolution?

The DNA of two related species.

Amber preserved or frozen fossils

Vestigial structures (correct)

All of the above

The wings of a butterfly and the wings of a bat are said to be analogous structures because

both structures serve the same function Signup and view all the answers

Why do organisms with close biochemical similarities show stronger evolutionary relationships?

They have a common ancestor and have the same kind of proteins. Signup and view all the answers

Vertebrate embryos resemble each other during early development. This suggests that____.

All of the above. Signup and view all the answers

A biologist analyzes the DNA sequences of 3 different primates. If primates A and B have nearly identical DNA sequences while those of primate C differ significantly, what can she most likely infer?

Primate A and B are closely related. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason molecular biology evidence is considered compelling?

It reconstructs evolutionary events with precision. Signup and view all the answers

What do all living organisms share according to molecular evolution?

Common ancestors. Signup and view all the answers

What is the genetic code's role in relation to nucleotides and amino acids?

It represents a unique combination for each amino acid. Signup and view all the answers

How do genes and proteins function similarly to language?

They contain information through a sequence of components. Signup and view all the answers

What illustrates the concept of genetic continuity among species?

The identical sequences of genes passed to offspring. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about molecular components of organisms is true?

They are constructed using variations of the same components. Signup and view all the answers

What does the uniformity of DNA sequences among diverse organisms imply?

All life forms share a common origin. Signup and view all the answers

How does molecular evolution contribute to the understanding of energy production?

It describes energy production as identical in all life forms. Signup and view all the answers

What is the cranial capacity range for Homo erectus?

800 to 1,100 cc Signup and view all the answers

Which species is NOT mentioned as having a brain size comparable to that of Homo erectus?

Homo neanderthalensis Signup and view all the answers

What do the structural similarities in the skeletons of different species indicate?

They share a common ancestor. Signup and view all the answers

Which of these animals is provided as an example of structural homology?

Turtle Signup and view all the answers

How do homologies in vertebrate forelimbs support the theory of evolution?

They suggest a relationship in anatomy due to descent from a common ancestor. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of the common ancestor of the hominins mentioned?

Existing seven to six million years ago. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of anatomical study examines acquired similarities in bone structure?

Comparative anatomy Signup and view all the answers

Why is it not plausible for a turtle to have the same function as a bird with similar bone structures?

Adaptations have occurred, shaping specific functions differently. Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of human embryos is notable by the fourth week of development?

Formation of a distinct tail Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the tail in adult humans?

It is a rudimentary structure. Signup and view all the answers

What does the presence of embryonic rudiments indicate about evolutionary ancestry?

There is a common evolutionary lineage. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about barnacles during their life cycle?

Their larval stage resembles that of other shellfish. Signup and view all the answers

What function does the vermiform appendix serve in herbivores, such as rabbits?

It stores vegetable cellulose. Signup and view all the answers

What concept related to evolution did Darwin emphasize through geographic distribution?

Evolution leads to adaptations in specific environments. Signup and view all the answers

Which of these structures is considered a vestige in humans?

Appendix Signup and view all the answers

The embryonic gill slits in humans represent what kind of evolutionary phenomenon?

Embryonic homologies across different species. Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate age of the oldest known creature fossils?

700 million years Signup and view all the answers

Which group of organisms is known for having their fossils appear around 3.5 billion years ago?

Microscopic organisms and cyanobacteria Signup and view all the answers

Which transitional form of horse is mentioned as the first known horse?

Hyracotherium Signup and view all the answers

What significant change is noted in the evolution of the jaw between reptiles and mammals?

Reptiles have a single bone in their jaw, while mammals have several. Signup and view all the answers

How does the fossil record demonstrate the process of evolution?

By illustrating the gradual changes in form and function of organisms. Signup and view all the answers

What challenge do paleontologists face regarding the fossil record?

Only a small fraction of life forms are preserved as fossils. Signup and view all the answers

Which of these facts about the development of the horse is accurate?

The evolution of the horse includes both increase in size and changes in foot structure. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of the Ediacaran fauna?

They were characterized by soft-bodied forms. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

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Description

Explore the fascinating similarities and differences between extinct reptiles and modern mammals. This quiz covers aspects such as diet, lifespan, fossils, and anatomical structures. Test your knowledge on evolutionary connections and adaptations in these two groups.