Reproductive Systems Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of seminal vesicles?

To store sperm before ejaculation

To transport sperm through the reproductive tract

To produce spermatozoa

To secrete an alkaline fluid that nourishes sperm (correct)

What is the length of the epididymis?

12-20 cm (correct)

5 cm

25 cm

15 cm

Which condition refers to the absence of sperm?

Aspermia (correct)

Spermatocele

Azoospermia

Oligospermia

How long does it take for sperm to mature as they travel through the male reproductive system?

12-20 days Signup and view all the answers

What structures form the female external genitalia?

Vulva and clitoris Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during a vasectomy?

Severing of the vas deferens Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the spermatic cord?

To contain blood vessels and the vas deferens Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the pubic bone in relation to the female reproductive structures?

It protects the junction of the reproductive organs from trauma Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal fetal heart rate range during pregnancy?

120-160 bpm Signup and view all the answers

How frequently should fetal movements be counted according to the Sandovsky method?

2x every 10 minutes Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by a non-stress test when the fetal heart rate increases?

Reactive fetal heart rate Signup and view all the answers

At what week can the fetal heart rate typically be heard using a Doppler?

12th week Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for amniotic fluid volume during pregnancy?

800-1200 ml Signup and view all the answers

Which testing method involves assessing the fetal heart rate during uterine contractions?

Contraction stress testing Signup and view all the answers

What does the Cardiff method generally denote regarding fetal movement?

10 movements in 1 hour Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main uses of ultrasound in prenatal care?

Confirming fetal structures and positions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Bartholin's glands during sexual activity?

To provide lubrication to the external genitalia Signup and view all the answers

What structure is formed by the posterior joining of the labia minora and labia majora?

Fourchette Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is produced by the corpus luteum after the ovum has been discharged?

Progesterone Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the hymen during the first sexual intercourse?

It tears Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate size of the ovaries?

4 cm by 2 cm Signup and view all the answers

What role do Kegel exercises serve in relation to childbirth?

Increase the elasticity of the perineal muscle Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the function of ovaries?

They initiate and regulate menstrual cycles. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of secretions from Bartholin's glands in the vagina?

To provide lubrication and improve sperm survival Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the male in determining the gender of offspring?

The male contributes a sperm that carries either an X or Y chromosome. Signup and view all the answers

How many ova are typically present in each ovary by the age of 22 years?

Approximately 300,000. Signup and view all the answers

What is the average length of the fallopian tubes in a mature woman?

10 cm. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs to the isthmus during pregnancy?

It enlarges to accommodate the growing fetus. Signup and view all the answers

What is the lowest portion of the uterus called?

Cervix. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the fallopian tubes?

Convey the ovum from the ovaries to the uterus and provide a place for fertilization. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the number of functioning oocytes by menopause?

All functioning oocytes are lost. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the internal cervical os?

It connects the cervical canal to the uterus. Signup and view all the answers

What role does Doderlein’s Bacillus play in the vaginal environment?

It protects against pathogenic bacteria by producing lactic acid. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the mammary glands before puberty?

They remain inactive and unchanged in size. Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is responsible for the delivery of milk from lobes to the nipple?

Lactiferous ducts Signup and view all the answers

What is the physiological purpose of the menstrual cycle?

To prepare for potential fertilization of an ovum Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the change in blood vessel structure during pregnancy?

Unwinding of tortuous vessels for stretching Signup and view all the answers

Which area appears rough due to sebaceous glands?

Montgomery’s Tubercles Signup and view all the answers

What type of nerves supply the uterus?

Both afferent and efferent nerves Signup and view all the answers

How does urine output change after giving birth?

It is monitored because ureters are involved. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Male Reproductive System

Scrotum: A muscular pouch that hangs from the perineum and contains the testes.
Semen: An alkaline fluid produced by the cells lining the epididymis, containing sugar, mucin, and sperm.
Epididymis: A long, coiled tube where sperm mature.
Vas Deferens: A thick, fibrous tube carrying sperm from the epididymis to the urethra.
Spermatic Cord: Contains blood vessels and the vas deferens.
Vasectomy: A surgical procedure for male birth control, where the vas deferens is severed.
Seminal Vesicles: Two pouches along the bladder that secrete an alkaline fluid with high sugar, protein, and prostaglandin levels.
Ejaculatory Ducts: Tubes connecting the seminal vesicles and prostate gland to the urethra.

Female Reproductive System

External Structures

Vulva: The external female genitalia.
Mons Veneris: A pad of adipose tissue over the symphysis pubis, protecting the pubic bone from trauma.
Labia Minora: Two hairless folds of connective tissue located behind the mons veneris. They enlarge at childbearing age, and may need to be cut (episiotomy) during childbirth.
Bartholin’s Glands: Located near the vaginal opening, their secretions lubricate the external genitalia during intercourse.
Fourchette: Ridge of tissue formed by the posterior joining of the labia minora and majora.
Perineal muscle: Muscular area easily stretched during childbirth to enlarge the vaginal opening.
Hymen: Tough, elastic tissue that covers the vaginal opening in childhood.

Internal Structures

Ovaries: Located near the uterus, they produce, mature, and discharge ova (egg cells).
- They also produce estrogen and progesterone, which regulate the menstrual cycle.
- Graafian follicles: Contain unruptured ova.
- Corpus luteum: Remains after the ovum has been released.
Fallopian Tubes: Transport ova from the ovaries to the uterus and provide a site for fertilization.
- Connected to the uterus on one end and open towards the ovary on the other end.
- Tubal Ligation: Surgical procedure that cuts or seals the fallopian tubes for birth control.
Uterus:
- Isthmus: Short segment between the body and the cervix, which enlarges during pregnancy.
- Cervix: Lower portion of the uterus, with a central cavity called the cervical canal.
- Internal Cervical Os: Opening of the cervical canal at the junction of the cervix and isthmus.
- External Cervical Os: Distal opening of the cervix into the vagina.
Vagina:
- Lined with mucous membrane, providing a passage for menstrual flow, childbirth, and sexual intercourse.
- Doderlein’s Bacillus: Lactic acid producing bacteria, which maintains an acidic vaginal pH.
- It helps to prevent infections and maintains a healthy vaginal environment.
Mammary Glands: Increase in size and development at puberty due to estrogen.
- Thelarche: The beginning of adult breast development.
- Lobes: Approximately 20 lobes within the breasts, each with acinar cells that produce milk.
- Lactiferous Duct: Deliver milk from the lobes to the nipple.
- Montgomery’s Tubercles: Sebaceous glands on the areola, making the surface appear rough.

Menstruation and Pregnancy

Menstrual Cycle: A female reproductive cycle that involves episodic uterine bleeding as a response to hormonal changes.
Oocyte Maturation:
- Primordial Follicle: A protective sac around an oocyte.
- Ovulation: The release of a mature ovum.
Uterine Wall:
- Endometrium: Inner lining of the uterine wall, which is shed during menstruation.
- Myometrium: Middle layer of muscle fibers, responsible for uterine contractions.
- Perimetrium: The outer layer of the uterus.
Fetal Movement:
- Sandovsky Method: Counts two fetal movements every 10 minutes for 10-12 movements per hour.
- Cardiff Method: Counts 10 movements in one hour.
Fetal Heart Rate:
- Should be 120-160 bpm.
- Doppler: Can detect fetal heartbeat at 12 weeks.
- Non-stress Test: Measures fetal heart rate response to movement.
- Contractions Stress Testing: Tests fetal heart rate response to contractions.
Ultrasound:
- Confirms fetal structures, position, and other pregnancy details.
- Monitors placental grading, amniotic fluid volume, and fetal growth.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the male and female reproductive systems. This quiz covers important structures, functions, and surgical procedures related to reproductive health. Learn more about anatomy and physiology essentials.