80 Questions
What is the purpose of the hymen in the female genitalia?
To partially or completely block the vaginal entrance
What is the function of the serosa layer in the anatomy of the uterus?
To form a visceral peritoneum
What is the pH range of the vagina?
pH 3.5-4.5
What is the collective term for the female genitalia?
Vulva
What is the purpose of the labia majora in the female genitalia?
To contain adipose tissue, sebaceous and sweat glands, and hair
What is characteristic of the labia minora?
Thin folds of skin devoid of adipose tissue and hair
What is the function of the sebaceous glands in the labia minora?
To secrete sebum
What is the clitoris homologous to in the male?
The penis
What is the location of the urethral orifice relative to the clitoris?
Posterior and inferior to the clitoris
What is the function of Skene's glands?
To produce mucus during sexual arousal
What is the dominant hormone during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle?
FSH
What is the term for the process by which the ovum is released from the ovary?
Ovulation
What is the name given to the ruptured follicle that fills with blood after ovulation?
Corpus hemorrhagicum
What hormone does the corpus luteum produce in large amounts?
Progesterone
How many ovaries typically ovulate each month?
One
What happens if the egg does not implant after fertilization?
It immediately starts another menstrual cycle
What is the purpose of the suspensory ligaments of Cooper?
To support the breast
What is the function of the alveoli in the breast?
To produce milk
What is the pathway of milk production and release?
Alveoli > secondary tubules > mammary ducts > ampulla > lactiferous ducts > nipple
What is the function of the Montgomery glands?
To produce sebaceous secretions
During which days of the ovarian cycle does primary follicle development occur?
Days 1-5
What is the reason only one follicle out of the 25 primary follicles matures?
Due to the competition among the primary follicles for survival
What stimulates the release of oxytocin during lactation?
Suckling receptors in the nipple and areola
What is the function of oxytocin during lactation?
To release milk from the ampulla
What is the term for the membrane that begins to develop around the ova during primary follicle development?
Zona pellucida
What is the term for the cavity that forms in the secondary follicle during ovarian cycle?
Antrum
What is the function of the areola?
To aid in suckling
What type of cells line the ampulla?
Myoepithelial cells
What is the age range during which menopause typically occurs?
Late 40's to early 50's
How many lobes are typically found in the breast?
15-20 lobes
What is the main function of the ovaries in the female reproductive system?
To produce eggs and female hormones
What is the primary function of the uterine or Fallopian tubes?
To transport eggs from the ovaries to the uterus
What is the vulva?
The external genitalia
What is the purpose of the ovarian ligament?
To attach the ovary to the uterus
How many mammary glands are present in the female reproductive system?
2
What is the purpose of the fimbriae in the infundibulum?
To guide the ovum into the fallopian tube
Where does fertilization typically occur in the female reproductive system?
In the lateral 3rd of the fallopian tubes
What is the function of the cilia in the fallopian tubes?
To propel the ovum towards the uterus
What is the normal position of the uterus in the pelvic cavity?
Anteflexed, bending anterior over the bladder
What can occur if the ovum enters the peritoneal space instead of the fallopian tube?
Ectopic pregnancy
What is the dominant hormone during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle?
FSH
What is the name given to the ruptured follicle that fills with blood after ovulation?
Corpus hemorrhagicum
What hormone does the corpus luteum produce in large amounts?
Progesterone
What is the typical day of ovulation in a normal menstrual cycle?
Day 14
How many ovaries typically ovulate each month?
One
What is the main function of the uterus or womb?
To support fetal development
What is the function of the fallopian tubes?
To transport eggs to the uterus
What is the function of the ovary?
To produce eggs and female hormones
What is the function of the vulva?
External genitalia
How many mammary glands are present in the female reproductive system?
Two
What is the primary function of the follicles surrounding the egg during oogenesis?
To produce estrogen
What is the typical age range for menarche to occur?
Late teens and early 20's
What is the result of low estrogen production in female athletes?
Female Triad Syndrome
What is the purpose of the zona pellucida during oogenesis?
To house the egg
What is the typical duration of menopause?
5-10 years
What is the function of the fimbriae in the infundibulum?
To catch the ovum after expulsion from the ovary
What occurs if the ovum enters the peritoneal space instead of the fallopian tube?
An ectopic pregnancy
What is the function of the cilia in the fallopian tubes?
To propel the ovum towards the uterus
Where does fertilization typically occur in the female reproductive system?
In the lateral 3rd of the fallopian tubes
What is the purpose of the Broad Ligament?
To cover both the uterus and ovaries
What is the primary function of the lactiferous ducts in the breast?
To transport milk from the alveoli to the nipple
What type of fibers make up the Suspensory Ligaments of Cooper?
Collagen fibers
What stimulates the release of oxytocin during lactation?
Suckling receptors in the areola
What is the function of the Montgomery glands in the breast?
To produce sebaceous secretions
What happens if the egg does not implant after fertilization?
Another menstruation occurs
What is the main function of the Skene's glands in the female reproductive system?
To produce mucus during sexual arousal
What is the primary function of the endometrium during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle?
To provide nutrition for the implanted egg
What is the function of the sebaceous glands in the labia minora?
To produce sebum
What happens during the menstrual phase of the menstrual cycle?
The superficial portion of the endometrium degenerates and sheds
What is the location of the urethral orifice relative to the clitoris?
Inferior to the clitoris
What is the vestible in the female reproductive system?
The area between the labia minora
What is the primary function of progesterone during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle?
To maintain the thickness and vascularity of the endometrium
What is the duration of the menstrual phase in a normal menstrual cycle?
5 days
What is the clitoris homologous to in the male?
The penis
What is the primary function of estrogen during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle?
To stimulate the repair and thickening of the endometrium
What is the purpose of the endometrial glands during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle?
To produce mucous-rich glycogen
What is the primary function of the corpus luteum during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle?
To produce progesterone
What is the characteristic of the endometrium during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle?
It is thick and has a high blood supply
What is the primary function of the endometrium during the menstrual cycle?
To provide nutrition for the implanted egg
What is the characteristic of the blood vessels in the endometrium during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle?
They are long and tortuous
Test your knowledge of the female reproductive system, including the labia minora, clitoris, vestibule, and urethral orifice. Learn about the structure and functions of these important organs.
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