Chapter 23 | Male Reproductive
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the male gonads in the reproductive system?

  • Production of germ cells (correct)
  • Secretion of estrogen
  • Production of sex hormones
  • Development of secondary sex characteristics

    • Which hormone is predominantly secreted by the testes in males?

  • Estrogen
  • Testosterone (correct)
  • Inhibins
  • Androgens

    • How does male gonadotropin secretion differ from females?

  • Increases with age
  • Noncyclical in nature (correct)
  • Inhibited by testosterone
  • Cyclical in nature

    • What happens to male gonadal function with advancing age?

    <p>Slowly declines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of DNA, what is the main source from the male reproductive system?

    <p>Testes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is masculinizing in its action in males?

    <p>Testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of olfactory receptors in spermatozoa?

    <p>Aiding in chemotaxis towards the ovary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of P2X receptors in male ejaculation?

    <p>Mediate contractions of the vas deferens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do spermatozoa slow down and undergo capacitation?

    <p>Isthmus of the uterine tubes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of maintaining testes at a lower temperature?

    <p>Facilitates spermatogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the ligand gated cation channels that respond to ATP in male ejaculation?

    <p>P2X receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main nutritional supply for spermatozoa?

    <p>Sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the temperature of the testes normally maintained?

    <p>~32°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone causes an increase in body hair but a decrease in scalp hair?

    <p>DHT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for the fusion of epiphyses to the long bones?

    <p>Estrogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process results from testosterone binding to an intracellular receptor?

    <p>Transcription of genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone limits the usefulness of testosterone as an anabolic agent in patients with wasting diseases?

    <p>Libido</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enzyme converts testosterone to DHT in some target cells?

    <p>5α-reductase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of androgen in the maturation of spermatids to spermatozoa?

    <p>Activating Sertoli cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone acts on Sertoli cells to promote the last stages of spermatid maturation?

    <p>FSH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do spermatozoa acquire motility during their development?

    <p>Epididymis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of motility for spermatozoa in vivo?

    <p>To enable them to move forward towards the ova</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What proteins are responsible for the acquired motility of spermatozoa in the epididymis?

    <p>CatSper family proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to sperm from knockout mice that do not express CatSper1-4?

    <p>They have altered motility and are infertile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of FSH in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Maintains gametogenic function of the testes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does LH affect Leydig cells?

    <p>Stimulates testosterone secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feedback mechanism does testosterone have on LH secretion?

    <p>Inhibits LH secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of hypothalamic lesions on testicular function?

    <p>Leads to testicular atrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of inhibin in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Stimulates FSH secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the subunits that form inhibins in the male reproductive system?

    <p>βA and βB subunits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the blood-testis barrier described in the passage?

    <p>Allows germ cells to remain in contact with Sertoli cells for survival</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type forms cytoplasmic bridges with germ cells to ensure their survival?

    <p>Sertoli cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of tight junctions between adjacent Sertoli cells near the basal lamina?

    <p>Create a barrier that prevents movement of large molecules from the interstitial tissue to the tubular lumen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of NO in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Promoting erection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the functions attributed to the paracrine activity between Sertoli and Leydig cells?

    <p>Promotes maturation of spermatozoa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is erection terminated in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Sympathetic vasoconstrictor impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do maturing germ cells navigate through the blood-testis barrier?

    <p>By undergoing coordinated breakdown of tight junctions above them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates the process of ejaculation in males?

    <p>Touch receptors in the glans penis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of germ cells needing to stay in contact with Sertoli cells?

    <p>To ensure survival and proper development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is likely released by efferent parasympathetic fibers in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of androgens on protein synthesis and breakdown?

    <p>Increase synthesis and decrease breakdown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the enzyme responsible for converting testosterone to DHT in some target cells?

    <p>5α-reductase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) on hereditary baldness development?

    <p>Prevents baldness development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do androgens impact the fusion of epiphyses to long bones?

    <p>Cause fusion of epiphyses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What limits the usefulness of exogenous testosterone as an anabolic agent in patients with wasting diseases?

    <p>Masculinizing effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ion retention is caused by androgens due to their anabolic effects?

    <p>K+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final stage of maturation for spermatids to become motile spermatozoa?

    <p>Spermiogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is the principal hormone of the testis and plays a key role in the development of male secondary sex characteristics?

    <p>Testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rate at which testosterone is synthesized by Leydig cells under the control of luteinizing hormone in adult males?

    <p>4–9 mg/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is most of the testosterone found in the plasma after being synthesized?

    <p>Bound to albumin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cell division occurs from a spermatogonium to a spermatid?

    <p>Incomplete division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of inhibin B in adult men and women?

    <p>Inhibit FSH secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are inhibins and activins primarily produced in males and females?

    <p>Gonads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of activins in the bone marrow?

    <p>Facilitate white blood cell development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does castration impact FSH and LH secretion?

    <p>Increases both FSH and LH secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the male reproductive system, what is the direct effect of inhibin on the anterior pituitary?

    <p>Inhibits FSH secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the heterodimer βAβB in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Promote FSH secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final stage of maturation for spermatids?

    <p>Spermiogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is testosterone synthesized in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Leydig cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principal hormone of the testis?

    <p>Testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone controls the secretion of testosterone from Leydig cells?

    <p>Luteinizing hormone (LH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of testosterone in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Development of male secondary sex characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is testosterone primarily transported in the plasma?

    <p>Bound to albumin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what rate is testosterone synthesized by Leydig cells in adult males?

    <p>$4-9$ mg/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cell division occurs from a spermatogonium to a spermatid?

    <p>Incomplete division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of testosterone in spermatogenesis?

    <p>Maintains male secondary sex characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

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