Reproductive System

Male Reproductive System:
- Produces and transports sperm cells
- Consists of:
  - Testes: produce sperm cells
  - Epididymis: stores and transports sperm cells
  - Vas deferens: muscular tubes that transport sperm cells
  - Urethra: tube that carries sperm cells out of the body
  - Penis: external genital organ
- Hormones involved: testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH)
Female Reproductive System:
- Produces and supports development of eggs
- Consists of:
  - Ovaries: produce eggs
  - Fallopian tubes: tubes that connect ovaries to uterus
  - Uterus: muscular organ that supports fetal development
  - Cervix: lower part of uterus that opens into vagina
  - Vagina: muscular tube that connects cervix to outside of body
- Hormones involved: estrogen, progesterone, FSH, LH

Organs involved:
- Mouth: mechanical and chemical digestion of food
- Esophagus: muscular tube that transports food to stomach
- Stomach: mixes food with digestive enzymes and acids
- Small intestine: absorbs nutrients into bloodstream
- Liver: produces bile for fat digestion
- Pancreas: produces digestive enzymes
- Large intestine: absorbs water and electrolytes, stores and eliminates waste
Accessory organs:
- Salivary glands: produce saliva for digestion
- Gallbladder: stores and releases bile
- Appendix: functions unknown, but may aid in digestion

Functions:
- Protects body from external damage
- Regulates body temperature
- Aids in sensation and perception
- Helps to maintain hydration and electrolyte balance
Components:
- Skin: outermost layer of body, composed of epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis
- Hair: provides additional protection and aid in sensation
- Nails: hard, keratin-based structures that protect fingertips and toes
- Sweat glands: produce sweat to regulate body temperature
- Sebaceous glands: produce sebum to moisturize skin

Functions:
- Transports oxygen and nutrients to cells
- Transports waste products from cells
- Regulates body temperature
- Aids in immune response
Components:
- Blood: liquid tissue composed of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
- Heart: muscular organ that pumps blood throughout body
- Blood vessels: arteries, veins, and capillaries that transport blood
- Bone marrow: produces blood cells

Functions:
- Ingests and digests food
- Absorbs nutrients into bloodstream
- Eliminates waste products
Components:
- Mouth: mechanical and chemical digestion of food
- Esophagus: muscular tube that transports food to stomach
- Stomach: mixes food with digestive enzymes and acids
- Small intestine: absorbs nutrients into bloodstream
- Large intestine: absorbs water and electrolytes, stores and eliminates waste
Note: The GI Tract is a part of the Digestive System, but it is often referred to as a separate system.

The male reproductive system produces and transports sperm cells
The male reproductive system consists of:
- Testes, which produce sperm cells
- Epididymis, which stores and transports sperm cells
- Vas deferens, which are muscular tubes that transport sperm cells
- Urethra, which is a tube that carries sperm cells out of the body
- Penis, which is an external genital organ
Hormones involved in the male reproductive system include testosterone, FSH, and LH
The female reproductive system produces and supports the development of eggs
The female reproductive system consists of:
- Ovaries, which produce eggs
- Fallopian tubes, which are tubes that connect ovaries to the uterus
- Uterus, which is a muscular organ that supports fetal development
- Cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina
- Vagina, which is a muscular tube that connects the cervix to the outside of the body
Hormones involved in the female reproductive system include estrogen, progesterone, FSH, and LH

The digestive system involves the following organs:
- Mouth, where mechanical and chemical digestion of food occurs
- Esophagus, a muscular tube that transports food to the stomach
- Stomach, which mixes food with digestive enzymes and acids
- Small intestine, where nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream
- Liver, which produces bile for fat digestion
- Pancreas, which produces digestive enzymes
- Large intestine, which absorbs water and electrolytes, and stores and eliminates waste
The digestive system also involves the following accessory organs:
- Salivary glands, which produce saliva for digestion
- Gallbladder, which stores and releases bile
- Appendix, which has unknown functions but may aid in digestion

The hemotologic system transports oxygen and nutrients to cells
The hemotologic system transports waste products from cells
The hemotologic system regulates body temperature
The hemotologic system aids in immune response
The hemotologic system consists of:
- Blood, which is a liquid tissue composed of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
- Heart, which is a muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body
- Blood vessels, which are arteries, veins, and capillaries that transport blood
- Bone marrow, which produces blood cells

The gastrointestinal system ingests and digests food
The gastrointestinal system absorbs nutrients into the bloodstream
The gastrointestinal system eliminates waste products
The gastrointestinal system consists of:
- Mouth, where mechanical and chemical digestion of food occurs
- Esophagus, a muscular tube that transports food to the stomach
- Stomach, which mixes food with digestive enzymes and acids
- Small intestine, where nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream
- Large intestine, which absorbs water and electrolytes, and stores and eliminates waste
Note: The GI Tract is a part of the Digestive System, but it is often referred to as a separate system.