49 Questions
Which of the following is the most common prostatic disease in dogs?
Prostatic hyperplasia
Which of the following is a symptom commonly associated with prostatic hyperplasia in dogs?
Urinary stasis
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of prostatic hyperplasia in dogs?
Asymmetrical enlargement
What effect does castration have on prostatic hyperplasia in dogs?
Causes atrophy
Which of the following can cause prostatitis in older dogs?
Ascending bacterial infection
What can untreated cases of prostatitis in dogs develop into?
Both peritonitis and septicaemia
Which of the following is a clinical sign commonly associated with prostatic carcinoma in dogs?
Cachexia
Which of the following is a characteristic of prostatic carcinoma in dogs?
Haphazardly arranged glandular cells
Which of the following organs is commonly affected by metastasis from prostatic carcinoma in dogs?
Lymph nodes
What is the prognosis for dogs with prostatic carcinoma?
Poor
Which of the following is a common cause of testicular hypoplasia in cattle, sheep, and goats?
All of the above
In Cryptorchidism, Which migrational stage of undescended testis should be described to identify the abnormality?
All of the above
Which side is most commonly affected by undescended testis in animals, except for bulls?
Right side
What is the likely polygenetic basis of undescended testis?
Gene mutation
What is the common consistency of hypoplastic testicles in animals with testicular hypoplasia?
Normal
Which of the following is a common cause of testicular atrophy/degeneration in males after puberty?
All of the above
Which cell type lines the hypoplastic tubules in testicular hypoplasia?
Sertoli cells
Which of the following is commonly observed in testicular hypoplasia under microscopy?
Absent spermatogenesis
What is the common cause of incomplete descent of the testis into the scrotum?
Developmental anomalies
What is the increased risk associated with undescended testis?
Increased risk of infertility
Which of the following is the most common primary type of testicular neoplasia in dogs?
Interstitial (Leydig) cell tumour
What is the characteristic feature of Sertoli cell tumours?
Production of oestrogen
What is the most common cause of epididymitis in rams?
Brucella ovis infection
What is the main difference between epididymitis and orchitis?
Epididymitis affects the tail of the epididymis
What is the characteristic feature of spermatic granuloma?
Obstruction of spermatozoa flow
What is the most common primary type of testicular neoplasia in aged stallions?
Seminoma
What is the characteristic feature of interstitial (Leydig) cell tumours?
Haemorrhagic regions
What is the main difference between epididymitis and spermatic granuloma?
Epididymitis affects the tail of the epididymis, while spermatic granuloma affects the head
What is the characteristic feature of seminoma?
Polyhedral cells with large nucleus
What are the potential causes of testicular hypoplasia?
Nutrition deficiencies, genetic abnormalities, endocrine abnormalities
What are the common causes of testicular atrophy/degeneration?
Infections, increased scrotal temperature, decreased testicular blood supply, vitamin A/Zn deficiency, drug reactions, radiation damage, obstruction of flow due to developmental disorders, hyperestrogenism induced by neoplasm of the Sertoli cell
What are the typical characteristics of testicular hypoplasia under microscopy?
Absent/incomplete spermatogenesis with hypoplastic and normal tubules often intermingled, lining only by Sertoli cells, absence/incomplete spermatagonia
What is the likely polygenetic basis for undescended testis?
Gene mutation
What are the potential complications of undescended testis?
Increased risk of tumor formation, likely due to hypoplasia and retained position
What migrational stage of undescended testis should be described to identify the abnormality?
Abdominal, transinguinal, or inguinal scrotal migration
What are the three most common types of prostatic disease in dogs?
Hyperplasia, prostatitis, neoplasia
What are some other less common types of prostatic disease in dogs?
Cysts, squamous metaplasia
What are the gross and microscopic features of prostatic hyperplasia?
Gross: bilaterally, symmetrically larger; Microscopy: hyperplasia of the epithelium and papillary proliferation of the glandular tissue; stromal hyperplasia
What is the effect of castration on prostatic hyperplasia in dogs?
Castration causes atrophy
What hormones act synergistically with androgens to potentiate hyperplasia of the epithelium in dogs?
Oestrogens
What are the gross and microscopic features of prostatitis?
Gross: asymmetrical enlargement; Microscopy: may contain abscesses
What is the clinical significance of untreated prostatitis in dogs?
Untreated cases can develop into peritonitis or septicaemia/toxaemia
What are the gross and microscopic features of prostatic carcinoma in dogs?
Gross: asymmetrical mild enlargement; Microscopy: haphazardly arranged glandular cells invading interstitium and marked fibrosis; Metastasis common (lymph node, lung, bone)
What are the microscopic findings in testicular hypoplasia?
Similar to hypoplasia, (+/- fibrosis, multinucleated spermatids)
What is the difference between epididymitis and spermatic granuloma?
Epididymitis affects the tail of the epididymis, while spermatic granuloma is a unique congenital disorder of the epididymal head
What are the three main primary types of testicular neoplasia?
- Seminoma (germ cell tumour; also teratoma), 2. Interstitial (Leydig) cell tumour, 3. Sertoli cell tumour
What are the characteristics of seminoma?
Derived from spermatogonia, second most common in dogs, most common in aged stallions, swelling and pain, polyhedral cells with large nucleus and thin rim of cytoplasm, frequent mitoses, more prevalent in retained testes, resemblance to lymphoid tissues
What are the characteristics of Sertoli cell tumours?
Third most common, 50% occur in retained testes, firm white lobulated mass with fibrous bends, dramatic enlargement of the testis, abundant fibrous tissue, prominent fibrosis with palisading of cells, secretion of estrogen and/or inhibin causing feminization
What are the characteristics of interstitial (Leydig) cell tumours?
Most common in dog, cat, and bull, spherical tan to orange color with region of hemorrhage, no enlargement of the testis, polyhedral cells packed in small groups by fine fibrous stroma, arranged in packets, some produce hormones
Testis and Epididymis Disorders Quiz: Test your knowledge on reproductive pathology of the male with this quiz. Explore topics such as developmental anomalies, degeneration, inflammation, neoplasia, and more. Learn about conditions like cryptorchidism and the genetic basis behind these disorders. Challenge yourself to enhance your understanding of male reproductive health.
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