Reproductive Pathology

Acute endometritis may be caused by bacterial infections that arise after delivery or miscarriage (puerperal sepsis) or by sexually transmitted diseases such as chlamydial or gonococcal infections.

Puerperal sepsis is the acute suppurative inflammation of the uterus after labor or abortion, mainly due to retained blood clots or placental fragments.

Puerperal sepsis is caused by pyogenic bacteria such as streptococcus hemolyticus or E. coli. Bacteria reach the endometrium mainly through ascending infection from contaminated instruments or gloves, or less commonly spread from other organs.

<p>Complications of puerperal sepsis may include severe toxemia and septicemia, septic thrombophlebitis causing pyemia, and the spread of infection to the parametrium and tubes causing parametritis and salpingitis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pathogenesis of endometriosis is unknown, but proposed theories include the regurgitation theory, the metaplastic theory, and the lymphatic or vascular dissemination theory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endometriosis frequently involves pelvic structures (Douglas pouch, uterine ligaments, and fallopian tubes), ovaries, peritoneal cavity, periumbilical tissue, and rarely lymph nodes, lungs, or bone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complications of endometriosis include painful menstruation (dysmenorrhea), pain on defecation or painful intercourse (dyspareunia), and adhesions around the tubes causing infertility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic endometritis is associated with chronic pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and intrauterine contraceptive devices. It is diagnosed based on the identification of plasma cells in the stroma, which are not seen in normal endometrium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic tuberculous endometritis can be caused by miliary spread or drainage of tuberculous salpingitis. It may present as abnormal bleeding, pain, discharge, and infertility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adenomyosis is a down growth of endometrium and its entrapment deep within the myometrium. It is characterized by an enlarged uterus with thick myometrium showing trabeculations and hemorrhagic foci. Microscopically, it shows foci of endometrial glands and stroma with hemorrhage or endometrial stroma only.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complications of adenomyosis include menorrhagia and dysmenorrhea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic specific inflammations of the endometrium can include tuberculosis and bilharziasis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Retained blood clots or placental fragments</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inflammation rich in neutrophils and pus cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ascending infection from contaminated instruments or gloves</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Large (subinvoluted), soft with shreddy (purulent) yellowish endometrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of septic thrombi in the veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ascending infection from contaminated instruments or gloves</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pyemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peritoneal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The regurgitation theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brown</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Identification of plasma cells in the stroma</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Down growth of endometrium and its entrapment deep within the myometrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endometrial stroma</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Miliary spread</p> Signup and view all the answers