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Questions and Answers
What are the male and female reproductive organs called?
What are the male and female reproductive organs called?
What chromosomes do egg cells produced by the ovaries carry?
What chromosomes do egg cells produced by the ovaries carry?
What is the role of testosterone in sexual differentiation?
What is the role of testosterone in sexual differentiation?
At what point in pregnancy does the primitive testis begin to form in the fetus?
At what point in pregnancy does the primitive testis begin to form in the fetus?
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What happens if a sperm carrying an X chromosome fertilizes an egg?
What happens if a sperm carrying an X chromosome fertilizes an egg?
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When is the primitive gonadal tissue present during fetal development?
When is the primitive gonadal tissue present during fetal development?
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What determines whether the mesonephric duct develops into male or female reproductive organs?
What determines whether the mesonephric duct develops into male or female reproductive organs?
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What combination of chromosomes results in a male baby?
What combination of chromosomes results in a male baby?
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What is the first secondary sexual characteristic to appear in females?
What is the first secondary sexual characteristic to appear in females?
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Which of the following marks the beginning of breast development in females?
Which of the following marks the beginning of breast development in females?
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Which type of hair appears first, pubic or axillary hair?
Which type of hair appears first, pubic or axillary hair?
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What structure is primarily responsible for the storage and maturation of sperm?
What structure is primarily responsible for the storage and maturation of sperm?
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On which day would ovulation typically occur in a 38-day cycle?
On which day would ovulation typically occur in a 38-day cycle?
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What is the approximate percentage of fluid contributed by the prostate gland to seminal fluid?
What is the approximate percentage of fluid contributed by the prostate gland to seminal fluid?
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Which structure connects the ampulla and the seminal vesicle?
Which structure connects the ampulla and the seminal vesicle?
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What is the maximum lifespan of an ovum (egg cell) after ovulation?
What is the maximum lifespan of an ovum (egg cell) after ovulation?
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How many days before ovulation should intercourse occur to avoid pregnancy?
How many days before ovulation should intercourse occur to avoid pregnancy?
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What characteristic of sperm cells allows them to survive in the acidic environment of the vaginal canal?
What characteristic of sperm cells allows them to survive in the acidic environment of the vaginal canal?
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Which statement about sperm lifespan is TRUE?
Which statement about sperm lifespan is TRUE?
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Which structure is primarily involved in the production of seminal fluid?
Which structure is primarily involved in the production of seminal fluid?
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What initiates the erection of the penis?
What initiates the erection of the penis?
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If a woman has a regular cycle length that changes each month, what can be inferred about her ovulation?
If a woman has a regular cycle length that changes each month, what can be inferred about her ovulation?
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Which of the following is NOT part of the male reproductive system?
Which of the following is NOT part of the male reproductive system?
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During which phase does the doctor perform the cut for delivery?
During which phase does the doctor perform the cut for delivery?
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What happens to the uterus during the second trimester?
What happens to the uterus during the second trimester?
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On which day does a woman with a 28-day cycle typically ovulate?
On which day does a woman with a 28-day cycle typically ovulate?
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What leads to urinary frequency in a pregnant woman during early pregnancy?
What leads to urinary frequency in a pregnant woman during early pregnancy?
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What is the fertile window for a woman with a 28-day cycle?
What is the fertile window for a woman with a 28-day cycle?
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If a woman has a period lasting 5 days, when will her fertility window start?
If a woman has a period lasting 5 days, when will her fertility window start?
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When does the discomfort of urinary frequency typically begin to decline in pregnancy?
When does the discomfort of urinary frequency typically begin to decline in pregnancy?
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What is indicated by the color red in the 28-day cycle legend?
What is indicated by the color red in the 28-day cycle legend?
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What is the ideal site of implantation during pregnancy?
What is the ideal site of implantation during pregnancy?
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What complication arises if implantation occurs in the lower uterine segment?
What complication arises if implantation occurs in the lower uterine segment?
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How many days after ovulation does pregnancy become possible?
How many days after ovulation does pregnancy become possible?
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What position does the fundus of the uterus assume prior to labor?
What position does the fundus of the uterus assume prior to labor?
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When are days 1-8 considered in relation to a woman's fertility cycle?
When are days 1-8 considered in relation to a woman's fertility cycle?
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Which hormone is typically high in the first half of the menstrual cycle?
Which hormone is typically high in the first half of the menstrual cycle?
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What defines retroflexion of the uterus?
What defines retroflexion of the uterus?
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At which stage of pregnancy does the woman's abdomen typically begin to visibly enlarge?
At which stage of pregnancy does the woman's abdomen typically begin to visibly enlarge?
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What would be the ovulation day if the last menstrual period is on Day 1?
What would be the ovulation day if the last menstrual period is on Day 1?
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What is the impact of the baby's head pressing on the perineum?
What is the impact of the baby's head pressing on the perineum?
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What days are considered safe from pregnancy in a 28-day cycle after menstruation?
What days are considered safe from pregnancy in a 28-day cycle after menstruation?
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On which day would a woman NOT be ovulating in a regular 28-day cycle?
On which day would a woman NOT be ovulating in a regular 28-day cycle?
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Study Notes
Reproductive Development
- Gonads are the male (testes) and female (ovaries) reproductive organs known as sex glands.
- Sperm produced by testes carry X or Y chromosomes, while eggs from ovaries carry XX chromosomes, determining the individual's gender.
Gender Determination
- At 5 weeks of intrauterine life, primitive gonadal tissue forms two ducts: mesonephric duct and paramesonephric duct, crucial for sexual differentiation.
- By the 7th and 8th weeks, primitive testes develop, capable of producing testosterone, crucial for male sexual organ development.
- The presence of testosterone leads to the formation of male reproductive organs; without it, female organs develop.
Internal Reproductive Structures (Male)
- Testes produce sperm; sperm maturation occurs in the epididymis.
- Sperm pathway: Testes → Epididymis → Vas deferens → Ampulla → Seminal vesicle → Ejaculatory duct → Urethra.
- Seminal fluid: Formed by seminal vesicles (30%), prostate (60%), and Cowper's glands (5%).
- Sperm cells are alkaline to survive vaginal acidity.
Female Secondary Sexual Characteristics
- Thelarche marks the first sign of female secondary sex characteristics, primarily breast development.
- Pubic hair appears before axillary hair during puberty.
- Increase in height commonly occurs alongside breast development.
Uterine Positioning
- The uterus assumes a retroverted position during the 2nd trimester.
- Ideal implantation site is the upper uterine segment (endometrium); lower implantation can lead to complications like placenta previa.
Menstrual Cycle Overview
- A typical cycle lasts 28 days with menstruation occurring at the start and ovulation around day 14.
- Hormonal changes: Estrogen peaks in the first half, while progesterone increases in the second half.
- Women are fertile during a window surrounding ovulation - typically from day 9 to day 17 in a 28-day cycle.
Ovulation and Fertility
- Calculation for ovulation day: Cycle length minus 14 days. E.g., a 28-day cycle indicates ovulation on day 14.
- Sperm can survive up to 5 days; thus, intercourse within the fertile window increases chances of conception.
- For pregnancy planning, have intercourse during the fertile window; abstain outside it to prevent pregnancy.
Additional Notes
- The alignment of sperm and egg is critical for fertilization on the ovulation day.
- If menstrual cycles vary, estimation of ovulation becomes difficult, affecting fertility predictions.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the male and female reproductive organs, focusing on gonads such as testes and ovaries. Understand the role of sperm and eggs in determining the gender of an individual. This quiz will cover essential aspects of reproductive biology.
