Podcast Beta
Questions and Answers
What are the male and female reproductive organs called?
What chromosomes do egg cells produced by the ovaries carry?
What is the role of testosterone in sexual differentiation?
At what point in pregnancy does the primitive testis begin to form in the fetus?
Signup and view all the answers
What happens if a sperm carrying an X chromosome fertilizes an egg?
Signup and view all the answers
When is the primitive gonadal tissue present during fetal development?
Signup and view all the answers
What determines whether the mesonephric duct develops into male or female reproductive organs?
Signup and view all the answers
What combination of chromosomes results in a male baby?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the first secondary sexual characteristic to appear in females?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following marks the beginning of breast development in females?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of hair appears first, pubic or axillary hair?
Signup and view all the answers
What structure is primarily responsible for the storage and maturation of sperm?
Signup and view all the answers
On which day would ovulation typically occur in a 38-day cycle?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the approximate percentage of fluid contributed by the prostate gland to seminal fluid?
Signup and view all the answers
Which structure connects the ampulla and the seminal vesicle?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the maximum lifespan of an ovum (egg cell) after ovulation?
Signup and view all the answers
How many days before ovulation should intercourse occur to avoid pregnancy?
Signup and view all the answers
What characteristic of sperm cells allows them to survive in the acidic environment of the vaginal canal?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement about sperm lifespan is TRUE?
Signup and view all the answers
Which structure is primarily involved in the production of seminal fluid?
Signup and view all the answers
What initiates the erection of the penis?
Signup and view all the answers
If a woman has a regular cycle length that changes each month, what can be inferred about her ovulation?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT part of the male reproductive system?
Signup and view all the answers
During which phase does the doctor perform the cut for delivery?
Signup and view all the answers
What happens to the uterus during the second trimester?
Signup and view all the answers
On which day does a woman with a 28-day cycle typically ovulate?
Signup and view all the answers
What leads to urinary frequency in a pregnant woman during early pregnancy?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the fertile window for a woman with a 28-day cycle?
Signup and view all the answers
If a woman has a period lasting 5 days, when will her fertility window start?
Signup and view all the answers
When does the discomfort of urinary frequency typically begin to decline in pregnancy?
Signup and view all the answers
What is indicated by the color red in the 28-day cycle legend?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the ideal site of implantation during pregnancy?
Signup and view all the answers
What complication arises if implantation occurs in the lower uterine segment?
Signup and view all the answers
How many days after ovulation does pregnancy become possible?
Signup and view all the answers
What position does the fundus of the uterus assume prior to labor?
Signup and view all the answers
When are days 1-8 considered in relation to a woman's fertility cycle?
Signup and view all the answers
Which hormone is typically high in the first half of the menstrual cycle?
Signup and view all the answers
What defines retroflexion of the uterus?
Signup and view all the answers
At which stage of pregnancy does the woman's abdomen typically begin to visibly enlarge?
Signup and view all the answers
What would be the ovulation day if the last menstrual period is on Day 1?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the impact of the baby's head pressing on the perineum?
Signup and view all the answers
What days are considered safe from pregnancy in a 28-day cycle after menstruation?
Signup and view all the answers
On which day would a woman NOT be ovulating in a regular 28-day cycle?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Reproductive Development
- Gonads are the male (testes) and female (ovaries) reproductive organs known as sex glands.
- Sperm produced by testes carry X or Y chromosomes, while eggs from ovaries carry XX chromosomes, determining the individual's gender.
Gender Determination
- At 5 weeks of intrauterine life, primitive gonadal tissue forms two ducts: mesonephric duct and paramesonephric duct, crucial for sexual differentiation.
- By the 7th and 8th weeks, primitive testes develop, capable of producing testosterone, crucial for male sexual organ development.
- The presence of testosterone leads to the formation of male reproductive organs; without it, female organs develop.
Internal Reproductive Structures (Male)
- Testes produce sperm; sperm maturation occurs in the epididymis.
- Sperm pathway: Testes → Epididymis → Vas deferens → Ampulla → Seminal vesicle → Ejaculatory duct → Urethra.
- Seminal fluid: Formed by seminal vesicles (30%), prostate (60%), and Cowper's glands (5%).
- Sperm cells are alkaline to survive vaginal acidity.
Female Secondary Sexual Characteristics
- Thelarche marks the first sign of female secondary sex characteristics, primarily breast development.
- Pubic hair appears before axillary hair during puberty.
- Increase in height commonly occurs alongside breast development.
Uterine Positioning
- The uterus assumes a retroverted position during the 2nd trimester.
- Ideal implantation site is the upper uterine segment (endometrium); lower implantation can lead to complications like placenta previa.
Menstrual Cycle Overview
- A typical cycle lasts 28 days with menstruation occurring at the start and ovulation around day 14.
- Hormonal changes: Estrogen peaks in the first half, while progesterone increases in the second half.
- Women are fertile during a window surrounding ovulation - typically from day 9 to day 17 in a 28-day cycle.
Ovulation and Fertility
- Calculation for ovulation day: Cycle length minus 14 days. E.g., a 28-day cycle indicates ovulation on day 14.
- Sperm can survive up to 5 days; thus, intercourse within the fertile window increases chances of conception.
- For pregnancy planning, have intercourse during the fertile window; abstain outside it to prevent pregnancy.
Additional Notes
- The alignment of sperm and egg is critical for fertilization on the ovulation day.
- If menstrual cycles vary, estimation of ovulation becomes difficult, affecting fertility predictions.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge on the male and female reproductive organs, focusing on gonads such as testes and ovaries. Understand the role of sperm and eggs in determining the gender of an individual. This quiz will cover essential aspects of reproductive biology.
