Reproductive Biology and Gametes

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What is the total number of chromosomes in a sperm cell and an oocyte that fuse during fertilization?

92 (correct)
46
47
23

Why do the dartos and cremaster muscles contract in cold weather or cold water?

To produce more sperm
To relax the testes
To release sperm into the duct system
To keep the testes warm (correct)

What is the function of Sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubules?

To regulate the temperature of the testes
To release sperm into the duct system
To produce sperm
To control sperm production and create the blood-testes barrier (correct)

How many lobules are there in each testis?

300-400 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the tunica albuginea?

To separate each testis into lobules (C) Signup and view all the answers

How many different cell types are present in the seminiferous tubules?

6 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the first stage of spermatogenesis, where the least mature cells are found?

Spermatogonia (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which the number of chromosomes in cells is halved during spermatogenesis?

Meiosis (D) Signup and view all the answers

How many days does it take for one cycle of sperm development to complete?

64 days (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure that covers the nucleus of the sperm cell and contains lysosomal enzymes?

Head (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the ATP produced by the mitochondria in the sperm cell?

To power the flagellum (A) Signup and view all the answers

Where do newly formed sperm cells continue to mature after spermatogenesis?

Epididymis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of semen that is made up of sperm?

5% (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the fluid released by the bulbourethral glands during ejaculation?

To lubricate and clean away urine residue (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the hormone responsible for differentiating male sexual reproductive organs in a fetus?

Testosterone (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for one or both testes failing to descend into the scrotum prior to birth?

Cryptorchidism (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the microorganisms present in the vagina?

To protect from pathogens (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the tunica albuginea in the ovaries?

To cover and protect the ovaries (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate duration of an ovarian cycle?

28 days (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of oogonia during fetal development?

To form primary oocytes (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of meiosis in the ovum if it is penetrated by a sperm cell?

The formation of a diploid zygote (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is mitochondrial DNA inherited from the mother only?

Because the ovum has a lot of cytoplasm (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when multiple follicles die?

Atresia (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of FSH in the ovarian cycle?

To stimulate follicle growth (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the cilia in the uterine tubes?

To push the oocyte towards the uterus (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of progesterone in the uterus?

To inhibit GnRH in the hypothalamus (B) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the corpus luteum if there is no pregnancy within 10-12 days?

It degrades (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the breasts in the reproductive system?

To provide milk or colostrum through lactation (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does hormonal birth control work?

By supplying a constant amount of estrogen and progesterone (B) Signup and view all the answers

What determines the sex of an individual?

The presence of the Y chromosome (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the hypothalamus during puberty?

To increase hormone production (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common factor influencing the onset of puberty in females?

Poor nutrition leading to an increase in body fat (D) Signup and view all the answers