Reported Speech: Indirect Speech and Tenses
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Questions and Answers

Also known as indirect discourse or ______ speech, indirect speech is a way of reporting what someone has said without using their exact words.

oblique

When reporting speech, the ______ of the original sentence often changes.

tense

According to the backshift of tenses, Present Simple in direct speech usually becomes ______ in indirect speech.

Past Simple

In indirect speech, Future Simple in direct speech usually becomes ______.

<p>Conditional</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the original speech is still true or relevant, the ______ of the original speech may not change.

<p>tense</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the reporting verb is in the ______, the tense of the original speech may not change.

<p>present</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Reported Speech

Indirect Speech

  • Also known as indirect discourse or oblique speech
  • A way of reporting what someone has said without using their exact words
  • Often uses verbs like "said", "told", "asked", "ordered", etc. to introduce the reported speech
  • The reported speech is usually in a different grammatical form than the original speech

Tenses in Reported Speech

  • Backshift of Tenses: When reporting speech, the tense of the original sentence often changes
    • Direct speech: "I am going to the store."
    • Indirect speech: "She said she was going to the store."
  • General Rules:
    • Present Simple → Past Simple
    • Past Simple → Past Perfect
    • Present Perfect → Past Perfect
    • Past Perfect → Past Perfect
    • Future Simple → Conditional
  • Exceptions:
    • If the original speech is still true or relevant, the tense may not change
    • If the reporting verb is in the present, the tense of the original speech may not change

Reported Speech

Indirect Speech

  • Indirect speech is a way of reporting what someone has said without using their exact words
  • It is also known as indirect discourse or oblique speech
  • Verbs like "said", "told", "asked", and "ordered" are commonly used to introduce the reported speech
  • The reported speech often takes a different grammatical form than the original speech

Tenses in Reported Speech

Backshift of Tenses

  • In reported speech, the tense of the original sentence often changes
  • The purpose of backshift is to maintain the original timeline and logical connection between the reported speech and the time of reporting

General Rules for Backshift of Tenses

  • Present Simple → Past Simple
  • Past Simple → Past Perfect
  • Present Perfect → Past Perfect
  • Past Perfect → Past Perfect
  • Future Simple → Conditional

Exceptions to the Backshift Rule

  • If the original speech is still true or relevant, the tense may not change
  • If the reporting verb is in the present, the tense of the original speech may not change
  • This allows the reported speech to retain its original meaning and significance

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Test your understanding of reported speech, also known as indirect discourse, and how to change verb tenses when reporting what someone has said.

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