Questions and Answers
What is the voltage at maximum power (VMP) for the given solar panel specifications?
Which type of charge controller is most suitable for a 3 kW rooftop PV system with a 24 V battery?
What does GHI stand for in the context of solar energy?
Which of the following is a disadvantage of solar photovoltaic systems?
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In comparing roof mounted and ground mounted solar PV systems, which of the following is generally true?
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Study Notes
Section 1: Renewable Energy Exam Guide
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Solar Photovoltaic Systems convert sunlight into electricity using solar panels, with merits including renewable energy generation, low operational costs, and minimal environmental impact. Demerits include high initial costs, dependence on weather, and space requirements.
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Peak Capacity Calculation:
- Peak capacity (W) = VMP x IMP
- Given values: VMP = 35.82 V, IMP = 4.26 A
- Calculation: 35.82 V * 4.26 A = 152.07 W
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Energy Generated Calculation:
- Energy (Wh) = Peak Capacity (W) x Effective Sunshine Hours
- Assuming effective sunshine hours = 5 hours
- Calculation: 152.07 W * 5 hours = 760.35 Wh
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Battery Capacity for 20 W LED Tubelight:
- Assume operation time: 5 hours
- Energy requirement = 20 W * 5 h = 100 Wh
- Battery Capacity (Ah) = Energy (Wh) / Voltage (V), assume 12 V battery
- Calculation: 100 Wh / 12 V = 8.33 Ah (rounded up to 9 Ah for safe margin)
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Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI), Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI), and Diffuse Horizontal Irradiance (DHI):
- GHI: Total solar radiation received per unit area on a horizontal surface.
- DNI: Solar radiation received per unit area by a surface that is always normal to the rays from the sun.
- DHI: Solar radiation received on a horizontal surface from the sky, excluding direct sunlight.
- Relation: GHI = DNI + DHI, allows for calculation of solar energy available for different solar systems.
Section 2: Charge Controller and PV Systems
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Recommended Charge Controller for 3 kW System:
- Type: MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) for efficiency.
- Rating: At least 150% of system capacity; for a 3 kW system at 24 V, calculate current and select a controller capable of 200 A for safety and efficiency.
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Comparison of Roof-mounted vs Ground-mounted Solar PV Systems:
- Roof-mounted: Uses existing structures, saves ground space, and is usually easier to install; limited by structural integrity and roof orientation.
- Ground-mounted: Flexible orientation, better for large installations, but requires space and can influence land use.
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Lithium-ion Batteries in Solar PV Systems:
- Advantages: High energy density, longer lifespan, fast charging, and low maintenance needs.
- Disadvantages: Higher initial cost, thermal runaway risks, and requires Battery Management Systems (BMS) for safety.
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Differentiation between Solar Power Conditioning Unit (SPCU) and Solar Inverter:
- SPCU: Regulates and manages output from solar systems, usually involves optimization for system performance and grid compliance.
- Solar Inverter: Converts DC electricity produced by solar panels into AC electricity for use in homes or for feeding into the grid.
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Description
Test your knowledge on renewable energy systems with this comprehensive exam for the V Semester Diploma. This quiz covers topics like solar photovoltaic systems, their merits and demerits, and calculations related to peak capacity and energy generation. Demonstrate your understanding of renewable energy principles and applications.
