28 Questions
What is the location of the kidneys in the body?
Retroperitoneal, in the superior lumbar region
Which structure sits atop each kidney?
Adrenal (suprarenal) gland
What is the function of the peri-renal fat capsule around the kidney?
To protect the kidney
What prevents the spread of infection to the kidney from close regions?
Fibrous capsule
Which layer anchors the adrenal gland and kidney to surrounding structures?
Renal fascia
Which part of the body lies lower due to being crowded by the liver?
Right kidney
What is the main function of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)?
Reabsorption of water and solutes from filtrate
Which of the following is a characteristic of the distal convoluted tubule (DCT)?
Function mainly in reabsorption
Where are cuboidal cells with dense microvilli that form a brush border found?
Proximal convoluted tubule
Which tubule is responsible for secreting substances more than reabsorption?
Distal convoluted tubule
What is a characteristic of the nephron loop (Loop of Henle)?
The ascending limb is continuous with the proximal tubule
What is the function of the renal arteries?
Cleanse blood and adjust its composition
Which structure empties urine into the renal pelvis?
Minor calyx
How is urine propelled through the walls of the calyces, pelvis, and ureter?
By peristalsis
What anatomical structure is composed of cone-shaped medullary pyramids?
Renal pyramid
How many lobes make up each kidney?
Around eight lobes
What is the function of the renal pelvis?
Collect urine from minor calyces
Where do the collecting ducts deliver urine into?
Minor calyces
Which type of nephrons make up almost 85% of all nephrons in the kidneys?
Cortical nephrons
What is the main function of juxtamedullary nephrons?
Production of concentrated urine
What is the function of the proximal convoluted tubule cells?
Maintain water and Na+ balance
Where are the glomerulus and glomerular capsule located?
Renal cortex
What is the specialized structure present in the renal corpuscle that helps in filtration?
Podocyte
What is the function of peritubular capillaries in the nephron?
Reabsorption of water and solutes
Why is blood pressure high in the glomerulus?
Efferent arterioles are larger in diameter than afferent arterioles
Where do peritubular capillaries arise from?
Efferent arterioles
Which type of nephron is associated with Vasa recta?
Juxtamedullary nephrons
What is the main difference between glomerular capillaries and other capillary beds?
Fed and drained by arterioles
Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the renal tubules, including the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) and the nephron loop. Learn about the structure, function, and location of these essential components of the kidney.
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