Renal Tubule Anatomy Quiz

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What is the location of the kidneys in the body?

Retroperitoneal, in the superior lumbar region (correct)

In the abdominal cavity

In the thoracic cavity

In the pelvic cavity

Which structure sits atop each kidney?

Adrenal (suprarenal) gland (correct)

Liver

Pancreas

Gallbladder

What is the function of the peri-renal fat capsule around the kidney?

To protect the kidney (correct)

To anchor the kidney

To regulate blood sugar levels

To store excess water

What prevents the spread of infection to the kidney from close regions?

Fibrous capsule Signup and view all the answers

Which layer anchors the adrenal gland and kidney to surrounding structures?

Renal fascia Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the body lies lower due to being crowded by the liver?

Right kidney Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)?

Reabsorption of water and solutes from filtrate Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the distal convoluted tubule (DCT)?

Function mainly in reabsorption Signup and view all the answers

Where are cuboidal cells with dense microvilli that form a brush border found?

Proximal convoluted tubule Signup and view all the answers

Which tubule is responsible for secreting substances more than reabsorption?

Distal convoluted tubule Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the nephron loop (Loop of Henle)?

The ascending limb is continuous with the proximal tubule Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the renal arteries?

Cleanse blood and adjust its composition Signup and view all the answers

Which structure empties urine into the renal pelvis?

Minor calyx Signup and view all the answers

How is urine propelled through the walls of the calyces, pelvis, and ureter?

By peristalsis Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical structure is composed of cone-shaped medullary pyramids?

Renal pyramid Signup and view all the answers

How many lobes make up each kidney?

Around eight lobes Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the renal pelvis?

Collect urine from minor calyces Signup and view all the answers

Where do the collecting ducts deliver urine into?

Minor calyces Signup and view all the answers

Which type of nephrons make up almost 85% of all nephrons in the kidneys?

Cortical nephrons Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of juxtamedullary nephrons?

Production of concentrated urine Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the proximal convoluted tubule cells?

Maintain water and Na+ balance Signup and view all the answers

Where are the glomerulus and glomerular capsule located?

Renal cortex Signup and view all the answers

What is the specialized structure present in the renal corpuscle that helps in filtration?

Podocyte Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of peritubular capillaries in the nephron?

Reabsorption of water and solutes Signup and view all the answers

Why is blood pressure high in the glomerulus?

Efferent arterioles are larger in diameter than afferent arterioles Signup and view all the answers

Where do peritubular capillaries arise from?

Efferent arterioles Signup and view all the answers

Which type of nephron is associated with Vasa recta?

Juxtamedullary nephrons Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between glomerular capillaries and other capillary beds?

Fed and drained by arterioles Signup and view all the answers