Renal System Overview

slits

Bowman’s

slits

<p>glomerular</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>glomerulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>glomerular</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>tubulointerstitial</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>urea</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>afferent</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>proteinuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ischaemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>glomerulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RBCs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>haemorrhage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>cysts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>glomerular</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ischaemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>nephron</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>glomerular</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Goodpasture</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>slits</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>antibody</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>streptococci</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>renal</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Au</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>HCO3-</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>proteinuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>15</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>tumours</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>myoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>dialysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>end-stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>GFR</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>75</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>N</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>90</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>nephrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>replacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

A broad term encompassing various disorders affecting the kidneys. These include glomerular, tubulointerstitial, vascular, and cystic diseases.

A group of kidney diseases primarily affecting the glomeruli, the tiny filters in the kidneys.

A type of glomerular disease marked by inflammation of the glomeruli, leading to damage and leakage.

A condition characterized by significant protein loss in the urine, leading to swelling and other complications.

A condition characterized by red blood cells present in the urine, often accompanied by high blood pressure and inflammation.

A group of kidney diseases affecting the tubules and interstitial tissues, the spaces between the tubules.

Severe damage to the kidney tubules, often caused by toxins or prolonged lack of blood flow.

A condition where blood flow to the kidneys is impaired, leading to damage and potential failure.

A condition where the kidneys lose their ability to function properly over time, leading to a gradual decline in filtration and waste removal.

The initial stage of Chronic Renal Failure where some nephrons are damaged, but the remaining nephrons compensate by working harder and increasing in size.

A stage of Chronic Renal Failure where the GFR (glomerular filtration rate) drops significantly, leading to an increase in blood waste products.

The final stage of Chronic Renal Failure where most nephrons are destroyed, leading to severe waste buildup and a drastic drop in GFR.

The process of filtering and removing waste products from the blood when the kidneys are no longer able to do so on their own.

A buildup of waste products in the blood, a common consequence of Chronic Renal Failure.

A condition where urine output is very low, often associated with advanced Chronic Renal Failure.

The process of kidneys filtering waste products from the blood.

A condition where the kidneys are not able to filter waste products from the blood effectively, leading to a buildup of toxins in the body.

A decrease in blood flow to the kidneys, which can lead to acute renal failure. This is a common cause.

Damage to the filtering units of the kidneys (nephrons), leading to a decrease in their ability to filter waste products.

A condition characterized by the presence of excess protein in the urine.

A condition characterized by the presence of blood in the urine.

A type of kidney damage that results in injury to the cells lining the tubules of the kidneys.

The substances that are normally filtered out by the kidneys and excreted in urine.

Specialized cells that line Bowman's capsule and wrap around glomerular capillaries, forming "filtration slits" for filtering blood.

Small gaps between the foot processes of podocytes, allowing for ultrafiltration of blood.

The structure that filters blood in the kidneys, composed of glomerular capillaries, Bowman's capsule, and podocytes.

The structure that surrounds the glomerular capillaries, collecting the filtered fluid.

Specialized smooth muscle cells within the glomerulus that regulate blood flow.

Immune complexes (antigen-antibody complexes) accumulate under the capillary endothelium, disrupting the filtration process.

Antibodies target proteins in the glomerular basement membrane, leading to its disruption and impaired filtration.

Damage to the kidneys caused by factors outside of the kidney, affecting urine flow and function.

Kidney damage caused by issues directly within the kidney, such as inflammation, infection, or autoimmune attacks.

Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN) mainly affects the proximal convoluted tubule and the loop of Henle, leading to impaired reabsorption and urine concentrating ability.

Kidney problems caused by substances entering the bloodstream through the liver, such as toxins, heavy metals, and certain medications.

Kidney damage characterized by a decrease in glomerular filtration rate, increased protein leakage, hypertension, and worsening glomerulosclerosis.

Calculi, carcinomas, congenital defects, myeloma, myoglobin, and blood clots are common causes of post-renal failure as they affect the urinary tract downstream from the kidneys, causing obstruction.

Loss of bladder control due to damage to the brain, spinal cord, or nerves.

A type of staining that helps visualize different patterns within the glomeruli, often used to diagnose glomerulonephritis.

An immune system response where antibodies attack antigens, forming complexes that can lodge within the glomeruli, leading to damage.

An inflammation of the glomeruli, often caused by immune complex deposition.

A condition where the glomeruli become clogged with collagen, leading to scarring and fibrosis.

The deposition of antigen-antibody complexes between the foot processes of the podocytes, obstructing the filtration slits in the glomeruli.

The process of fibrosis and scarring that develops in the glomeruli and tubules due to long-term inflammation. This can lead to irreversible kidney damage.

A type of staining technique that highlights collagen in blue, allowing visualization of fibrosis and scarring in tissues.

A condition where the kidneys fail to filter waste effectively, leading to an accumulation of toxins in the blood.