18 Questions
What is the role of aldosterone in the body?
Promotes sodium reabsorption and stimulates release of potassium and hydrogen ions
What is the function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in response to pure water loss?
Promotes water reabsorption by the kidneys
What triggers the release of renin by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidneys?
Sodium depletion, hypotension, or potassium increase in blood
Which factor leads to an increase in extracellular fluid (ECF) osmolality?
Pure water loss
What is the main function of angiotensin II in the body?
Stimulates adrenal cortex to produce aldosterone
How does the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system respond to hyponatremia?
Releases renin from juxtaglomerular cells
What is the major determinant of plasma osmolality?
Sodium
Which of the following contributes the least to plasma osmolality?
Proteins
Water intoxication or polydipsia can lead to:
Inappropriate water retention
In diabetes insipidus, there is a problem with:
ADH underproduction
Which condition presents with an ectopic secretion of ADH?
Bronchogenic cancer
The ECF volume is directly dependent on the content of:
Sodium
What is the main function of sodium in the body?
Controlling neuromuscular excitability
How do atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) and aldosterone differ in their effects on sodium levels?
ANF promotes natriuresis, while aldosterone promotes sodium retention.
What conditions can lead to hyponatremia?
Dehydration and vomiting
What is the normal range of sodium concentration in the extracellular fluid (ECF)?
$135-145$ mmol/L
How does the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAA) regulate sodium levels?
By promoting sodium retention in exchange for potassium or hydrogen ions
Which peptide promotes natriuresis and vasodilation?
Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF)
Test your knowledge on the regulation of renal sodium excretion, glomerular filtration rate, and the role of aldosterone through the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system in promoting sodium reabsorption. Explore the physical properties and daily obligatory losses of extracellular fluid.
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