Renal Sodium Excretion and Aldosterone Regulation Quiz

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What is the role of aldosterone in the body?

Has no effect on sodium, potassium, or hydrogen ion levels
Stimulates sodium excretion and inhibits release of potassium and hydrogen ions
Promotes sodium reabsorption and stimulates release of potassium and hydrogen ions (correct)
Inhibits sodium reabsorption and promotes release of potassium and hydrogen ions

What is the function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in response to pure water loss?

Promotes water reabsorption by the kidneys (correct)
Stimulates thirst center in the brain
Inhibits water reabsorption by the kidneys
Promotes water excretion by the kidneys

What triggers the release of renin by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidneys?

Sodium depletion, hypotension, or potassium increase in blood (correct)
High sodium levels, hypertension, and low potassium in blood
Hypernatremia, hypertension, and low potassium levels
Hyponatremia, hypotension, and hyperkalemia

Which factor leads to an increase in extracellular fluid (ECF) osmolality?

Pure water loss (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of angiotensin II in the body?

Stimulates adrenal cortex to produce aldosterone (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system respond to hyponatremia?

Releases renin from juxtaglomerular cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the major determinant of plasma osmolality?

Sodium (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following contributes the least to plasma osmolality?

Proteins (A) Signup and view all the answers

Water intoxication or polydipsia can lead to:

Inappropriate water retention (A) Signup and view all the answers

In diabetes insipidus, there is a problem with:

ADH underproduction (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition presents with an ectopic secretion of ADH?

Bronchogenic cancer (A) Signup and view all the answers

The ECF volume is directly dependent on the content of:

Sodium (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of sodium in the body?

Controlling neuromuscular excitability (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) and aldosterone differ in their effects on sodium levels?

ANF promotes natriuresis, while aldosterone promotes sodium retention. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What conditions can lead to hyponatremia?

Dehydration and vomiting (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range of sodium concentration in the extracellular fluid (ECF)?

$135-145$ mmol/L (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAA) regulate sodium levels?

By promoting sodium retention in exchange for potassium or hydrogen ions (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which peptide promotes natriuresis and vasodilation?

Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF) (A) Signup and view all the answers