Renal Replacement Therapies Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is renal replacement therapy (RRT)?

The passage of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration across a semi-permeable membrane.

Osmosis is the process where water moves from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

False

What is one goal of dialysis?

  • To increase uremic waste products
  • To prevent blood from returning to the patient
  • To remove excess fluid (correct)
  • To increase serum potassium levels
  • Match the types of dialysis with their descriptions:

    <p>Peritoneal Dialysis = Utilizes the peritoneal cavity and peritoneum as the semipermeable membrane Hemodialysis = Uses a dialyzer to clean the blood outside the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During peritoneal dialysis, the membrane is accessed by insertion of a ______ through the abdomen.

    <p>PD catheter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is ultrafiltration?

    <p>The movement of fluid across a semipermeable membrane as a result of an artificially created pressure gradient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a dialyzer?

    <p>A hollow-fiber device containing thousands of tiny capillary tubes for carrying blood through artificial kidney.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a classification of dialysis?

    <p>Emergency Dialysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Key Concepts of Dialysis

    • Renal replacement therapy (RRT) involves transferring particles from areas of high to low concentration across a semi-permeable membrane.
    • Used to remove fluid and uremic waste when kidneys cannot function adequately.

    Goals of Dialysis

    • Remove end products of protein metabolism such as urea and creatinine.
    • Maintain safe serum electrolyte concentrations.
    • Correct acidosis.
    • Remove excess fluid from the body.

    Types of Dialysis

    • Acute or Urgent Dialysis:
      • Necessary for high serum potassium levels and fluid overload.
      • Used to address medication overdoses or toxic substances.
    • Chronic or Maintenance Dialysis:
      • For patients with chronic renal failure or advanced stages of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD).
      • Involves management of uremic symptoms like nausea, anorexia, lethargy, and confusion.

    Peritoneal Dialysis

    • Utilizes the peritoneal cavity and peritoneum as a semi-permeable membrane.
    • Involves the insertion of a PD catheter into the abdominal cavity.
    • Dialysate is infused by gravity into the peritoneum within 10-20 minutes, typically 1 to 2 liters.

    Dialysis Mechanisms

    • Osmosis:
      • Excess water is removed as it moves from higher solute concentration (blood) to lower solute concentration (dialysate).
    • Ultrafiltration:
      • Fluid moves across the semi-permeable membrane due to an artificially created pressure gradient, allowing more efficient water removal than osmosis.

    Dialysate Characteristics

    • The dialysate uses bicarbonate (typical) or acetate to help maintain body's buffer system.
    • Should meet quality standards; does not require sterility as larger bacteria can't pass through the membrane.
    • Heparin is used to prevent clotting in the dialysis circuit.

    Dialyzer

    • Comprised of hollow-fiber devices containing tiny capillary tubes that serve as a semipermeable membrane.
    • Allows toxins, fluids, and electrolytes to pass during the cleansing process.

    Vascular Access

    • Access to a patient's vascular system is crucial for the removal, cleansing, and return of blood.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on renal replacement therapies, focusing on peritoneal dialysis and the principles of osmosis in dialysis processes. This quiz will cover the mechanisms involved in removing excess water and solute concentration gradients. Perfect for learners who want to deepen their understanding in this critical area of healthcare.

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