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Questions and Answers
What is renal replacement therapy (RRT)?
The passage of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration across a semi-permeable membrane.
Osmosis is the process where water moves from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.
False
What is one goal of dialysis?
Match the types of dialysis with their descriptions:
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During peritoneal dialysis, the membrane is accessed by insertion of a ______ through the abdomen.
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What is ultrafiltration?
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What is a dialyzer?
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Which of the following is NOT a classification of dialysis?
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Study Notes
Key Concepts of Dialysis
- Renal replacement therapy (RRT) involves transferring particles from areas of high to low concentration across a semi-permeable membrane.
- Used to remove fluid and uremic waste when kidneys cannot function adequately.
Goals of Dialysis
- Remove end products of protein metabolism such as urea and creatinine.
- Maintain safe serum electrolyte concentrations.
- Correct acidosis.
- Remove excess fluid from the body.
Types of Dialysis
- Acute or Urgent Dialysis:
- Necessary for high serum potassium levels and fluid overload.
- Used to address medication overdoses or toxic substances.
- Chronic or Maintenance Dialysis:
- For patients with chronic renal failure or advanced stages of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD).
- Involves management of uremic symptoms like nausea, anorexia, lethargy, and confusion.
Peritoneal Dialysis
- Utilizes the peritoneal cavity and peritoneum as a semi-permeable membrane.
- Involves the insertion of a PD catheter into the abdominal cavity.
- Dialysate is infused by gravity into the peritoneum within 10-20 minutes, typically 1 to 2 liters.
Dialysis Mechanisms
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Osmosis:
- Excess water is removed as it moves from higher solute concentration (blood) to lower solute concentration (dialysate).
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Ultrafiltration:
- Fluid moves across the semi-permeable membrane due to an artificially created pressure gradient, allowing more efficient water removal than osmosis.
Dialysate Characteristics
- The dialysate uses bicarbonate (typical) or acetate to help maintain body's buffer system.
- Should meet quality standards; does not require sterility as larger bacteria can't pass through the membrane.
- Heparin is used to prevent clotting in the dialysis circuit.
Dialyzer
- Comprised of hollow-fiber devices containing tiny capillary tubes that serve as a semipermeable membrane.
- Allows toxins, fluids, and electrolytes to pass during the cleansing process.
Vascular Access
- Access to a patient's vascular system is crucial for the removal, cleansing, and return of blood.
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Description
Test your knowledge on renal replacement therapies, focusing on peritoneal dialysis and the principles of osmosis in dialysis processes. This quiz will cover the mechanisms involved in removing excess water and solute concentration gradients. Perfect for learners who want to deepen their understanding in this critical area of healthcare.
