Renal Physiology Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What effect does afferent arteriolar constriction have on glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

Increases GFR by increasing blood flow

Decreases GFR by decreasing blood flow (correct)

Increases GFR through autoregulation

Has no effect on GFR

What is the net effect of constricting the efferent arteriole initially?

Decreases GFR due to reduced pressure

Decreases resistance and increases blood flow

Has no impact on GFR

Increases GFR initially but then may decrease (correct)

What is autoregulation of renal blood flow (RBF) and GFR?

The influence of autonomic nervous system on renal function

The process of filtration rate decreasing over time

The ability to keep RBF and GFR constant despite changes in systemic arterial pressure (correct)

The ability to change arterial pressure significantly

Which theory states that an increase in blood pressure causes arterioles to contract?

Myogenic Theory Signup and view all the answers

What happens to glomerular pressure when arterial pressure rises automatically by autoregulation?

Remains constant due to constriction Signup and view all the answers

What effect does strong sympathetic stimulation have on glomerular blood flow?

Decreases glomerular blood flow and GFR to zero Signup and view all the answers

When does a decrease in GFR occur due to prolonged stagnation of blood in the glomerulus?

Due to increased plasma osmotic pressure (COP) Signup and view all the answers

What happens when arterial pressure is between 75 mm Hg and 160 mm Hg?

RBF and GFR remain relatively constant Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the glomerular filtrate leaves the proximal tubule?

35% Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily secreted throughout the nephron?

H+ Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nephron is impermeable to water and urea?

Thick segment of the Loop of Henle Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of renin in the kidney?

To convert angiotensinogen to angiotensin I Signup and view all the answers

What factor triggers the release of renin from the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

Reduced sodium concentration in tubular fluid Signup and view all the answers

How is the reabsorption and secretion of Na+ and K+ controlled in the thick segment of the Loop of Henle?

By aldosterone Signup and view all the answers

What effect does angiotensin II have on the efferent arterioles?

It constricts the efferent arterioles Signup and view all the answers

What determines the permeability of the collecting tubule to water?

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) concentration Signup and view all the answers

How does the renin-angiotensin system affect renal blood flow (RBF)?

It decreases RBF while preserving GFR Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mechanism by which water is transported in the nephron?

Osmotic diffusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary vasopressor effect of angiotensin II?

It increases blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which segment of the nephron is highly permeable to water?

Descending limb of Loop of Henle Signup and view all the answers

What happens to K+ transport in the collecting tubule?

Reabsorbed and secreted Signup and view all the answers

What happens to glomerular filtration rate (GFR) when efferent arterioles are constricted?

GFR remains normal Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

To regulate blood pressure and filtration rate Signup and view all the answers

What happens to tubular reabsorption when blood flow decreases to peritubular capillaries?

Tubular reabsorption increases Signup and view all the answers

What initiates peristaltic contractions in the ureters?

Parasympathetic stimulation Signup and view all the answers

What prevents the reflux of urine from the bladder?

Ureterovesicular valve Signup and view all the answers

At what pressure in mm H2O does bladder contraction begin?

150 mm H2O Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles assist in emptying the bladder during urination?

Abdominal muscles and diaphragm Signup and view all the answers

Which type of nerves primarily cause contraction of the bladder?

Parasympathetic nerves Signup and view all the answers

Which reflex arises from receptors in the wall of the urethra?

Urinary reflex Signup and view all the answers

What role do the internal and external sphincters play during urination?

They prevent urine from leaving the bladder. Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates the desire to urinate?

Stretching of bladder walls Signup and view all the answers

What happens to plasma PCO2 when there is a fall in pH?

It decreases due to increased alveolar ventilation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary renal response during acidemia?

Secretion of H+ ions into urine. Signup and view all the answers

What causes metabolic alkalosis?

Loss of gastric acid due to vomiting. Signup and view all the answers

In which condition does respiratory acidosis occur?

When excretion of CO2 is below the production rate. Signup and view all the answers

What effect does alkalemia have on pulmonary ventilation?

It decreases ventilation. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of metabolic alkalosis besides vomiting?

Injection of HCO3 solutions. Signup and view all the answers

How does the body compensate for respiratory acidosis?

Secretion of H+ ions into urine and rise in plasma HCO3-. Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of respiratory alkalosis due to hyperventilation?

Increased blood HCO3- levels. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary metabolic end product of protein and amino acids in birds?

Uric acid Signup and view all the answers

Where is uric acid primarily secreted from in birds?

Tubules Signup and view all the answers

What happens to uric acid in the tubules of birds when it exceeds its solubility?

It precipitates. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the valve at the renal vein in birds?

To regulate blood transition. Signup and view all the answers

How is urine modified in birds before it reaches the cloaca?

By drawing back water. Signup and view all the answers

What color is the urine of birds when mixed with feces?

Cream colored with thick mucus. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of nephrons do birds utilize in response to ADH?

Both reptilian and mammalian type. Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable characteristic of uric acid in the urine of birds?

It appears as a white coagulum. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

A Learning Resource Package for Systemic Physiology

This learning resource package is for a lecture course in Systemic Physiology.
The course is compiled by Annalie B. Parag, DVM, MPH, an Associate Professor 1 at the College of Veterinary Medicine, Tarlac Agricultural University.
The text discusses the physiology of the respiratory, digestive, metabolic, urinary, and body fluid systems.
A knowledge of these biological principles and mechanisms will aid future veterinarians to
1. Accurately interpret results of disease diagnosis.
2. Prescribe and implement animal treatment to remedy conditions and diseases.
3. Formulate and implement agricultural development plans.

Course Description & Micro-syllabus

The course covers normal physiology of the respiratory, digestive, metabolic, urinary, and body fluids.
It helps understand and applies biological principles involved in animal health and disease.
It allows future veterinarians to interpret results, prescribe treatments, and develop agricultural plans.

Target Outcomes

Articulate and discuss the latest developments in veterinary physiology.
Effectively communicate orally and in writing using both English and Filipino.
Work effectively and independently in multi-disciplinary/multi-cultural teams, sharing knowledge.
Share knowledge related to specific veterinary physiology fields.
Formulate and implement development plans and programs for animal health.
Understand biological principles and mechanisms of animal production, health, and disease.
Accurately interpret results of diseases in animals, and implement treatments to improve animal health.
Prescribe and implement treatments for animal diseases and abnormalities, if needed.

Course Contents

Respiratory System: Functional anatomy, factors affecting respiration, diffusion, neural and humoral controls.
Urinary System: Glomerular filtration, reabsorption, secretion, counter-current mechanisms.
Digestive System: Prehension, mastication, deglutition, smooth muscle activity, digestion of carbohydrates, protein, and fats, ruminant & avian digestion, nutrient metabolism.
Temperature Regulation: in homeotherms and poikilotherms, and other relevant topics.

Teaching and Learning Activities

Synchronous discussions via online platforms (e.g., Google Meet).
Asynchronous discussions and interactive forums on the specific topic (on Google Classroom).
Student-led/teacher-led discussion forums are conducted.
Self-assessment quizzes are provided.

Assessment Strategies

Graded discussion forum.
Graded recitations (using platforms like Paddlet, if possible).
Online quizzes to encourage engagement with previous topics.
Reflective journal/session papers.
Faculty-marked assignments.
Online term exams.

Grading System

Lecture: 60%
Quizzes: 25%
Term Tests (30%) :
Attendance and class standing (5%)
Laboratory: 40%
Activities/exercises: 15%
Laboratory Reports: 10%
Reporting: 10%
Project: 5%

Class Policies

Blended/flexible learning schemes.
Gender-fair language and inclusive environments in discussions and assignments.
Gender-fair language and inclusive environments in group discussions, reporting, and assignments.
Faculty-marked assignments/session papers/journals follow specific deadlines.
Everyone uses school-related email for submitting assignments.
Class attendance, timely participation and interest are important.
Students will be excused for legitimate reasons with proper proof.

Modules (List of Topics)

The course has several modules covering detailed aspects of kidney function, digestive system, respiration, etc.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge on renal physiology, including the effects of afferent and efferent arteriolar constriction on glomerular filtration rate. Explore concepts like autoregulation of renal blood flow and the actions of renin in the kidney. This quiz covers essential topics related to kidney function and regulation.