Renal Physiology Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the main reason patients are given Clexane?

  • To increase renal natriuretic peptide production
  • To prevent deep vein thrombosis (correct)
  • To inhibit the release of EPO
  • To stimulate prostaglandin synthesis

Which condition can lead to the release of EPO?

  • Hyperglycemia
  • Hypernatremia
  • Hypoxia (correct)
  • Low levels of prostaglandins

What is the function of prostaglandins in the kidney?

  • Prevent diuresis
  • Ensure renal blood flow (correct)
  • Cause vasoconstriction
  • Stimulate EPO production

Which enzyme is responsible for the production of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid?

<p>COX-2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of NSAIDs on prostaglandin production in the kidney?

<p>Block COX enzymes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component produced by the kidney is responsible for causing vasodilatation?

<p>Prostaglandin H2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does hydroxylation at C1 occur in the process of calcitriol production?

<p>Kidney (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which form of Vitamin D is recommended for patients with liver impairment?

<p>Calcifediol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the description of the anemia that occurs in kidney impairment?

<p>Normocytic normochromic anemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells produce 10% of erythropoietin (EPO)?

<p>Liver cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes polycythemia in polycystic renal disease?

<p>Overproduction of EPO (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin D form is used in renal impairment?

<p>Alfacalcidol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which iron compound is composed of iron complexed with carbohydrate polymer derived from dextran?

<p>Iron dextran (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ideal route for administering EPO to a patient?

<p>Subcutaneous injection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition can develop in a patient when EPO-α is administered subcutaneously?

<p>Pure red blood cell aplasia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the target hemoglobin (Hb) level suggested when giving EPO?

<p>10-12 g/dL (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect can EPO have on blood pressure when administered?

<p>Increase blood pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of EPO is safer to administer subcutaneously compared to the other type when considering allergic reactions?

<p>EPO-α (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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