L4 Development of Ureter and Urinary (P2 Hard)

A remnant of the urachus, a tube that connects the bladder to the umbilicus during fetal development. It usually persists as a small, inferior portion of the urachus.

A condition where the entire urachus remains open, creating a connection between the bladder and the umbilicus, allowing urine to leak out.

A condition where the posterior bladder wall protrudes through a defect in the anterior abdominal wall below the umbilicus exposing the trigone of the bladder and ureteric orifices.

A condition in which the external urethral orifice is located on the ventral side of the penis, instead of the tip.

A condition in which the external urethral orifice is located on the dorsal side of the penis, instead of the tip.

An abnormal connection between the rectum and the urethra.

The triangular region at the base of the bladder formed by the caudal ends of the mesonephric ducts.

The inner layer of the bladder, derived from the endoderm of the vesical part of the urogenital sinus.

The smooth muscle layer of the bladder, developing from mesoderm adjacent to the bladder.

The remnant of the allantois, a tube connecting the bladder to the umbilicus during embryonic development.

An abnormal outpouching of the ureter as it enters the bladder.

A partial or complete failure of the metanephric diverticulum to separate, resulting in a double renal pelvis and ureter.

The ureter ascends behind the inferior vena cava, causing potential complications.

The ureter becomes wider than 8 mm, potentially impairing urine flow.

A cyst formed from remnants of the epithelial lining of the urachus.

The part of the male urethra derived from the lower part of the vesicourethral canal.

The metanephric diverticulum, also known as the ureteric bud, is an outgrowth from the mesonephric duct near its entrance into the cloaca. It's crucial for forming the ureter, renal pelvis, and collecting tubules.

The ureteric bud elongates dorsally and then cranially, forming the ureter, a tube connecting the kidney to the bladder. Its cranial end forms a funnel-shaped renal pelvis, which further splits into major and minor calyces.

The expanded cranial end of the ureteric bud dilates to form the renal pelvis, a funnel-shaped structure. This pelvis further splits into major calyces, which in turn form minor calyces. This intricate network collects urine from the nephrons.

The minor calyces are formed through continuous subdivision of the major calyces. These small structures collect urine from the nephrons, the functional units of the kidney.

The caudal ends of the mesonephric ducts are absorbed into the wall of the bladder. This means the mesonephric ducts and lower ureters connect separately to the bladder.

The urinary bladder develops from the vesical part of the urogenital sinus. This part forms the main portion of the bladder.

The urorectal septum, a dividing wall, separates the cloaca into the dorsal rectum and ventral urogenital sinus. This septum develops at the junction of the allantois and hindgut, growing towards the cloacal membrane.

The urogenital sinus is divided into three parts: the cranial vesical part, which forms the bladder; the middle pelvic part, which forms the urethra; and the caudal phallic part, which forms the external genitalia.

The cloaca is the dilated caudal part of the hindgut, composed of endodermal cells. This structure plays a crucial role in the early development of the urinary and digestive systems.

The development of the urethra involves the middle part of the urogenital sinus, which elongates and differentiates into the urethra. The urethra further divides into various segments.