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Questions and Answers
What is the embryonic origin of the epithelium lining the bladder?
What is the embryonic origin of the epithelium lining the bladder?
At what age does the bladder begin its descent into the greater pelvis?
At what age does the bladder begin its descent into the greater pelvis?
From which part of the urogenital sinus does the female urethra develop?
From which part of the urogenital sinus does the female urethra develop?
Which congenital anomaly of the ureter involves the ureter ascending posterior to the inferior vena cava?
Which congenital anomaly of the ureter involves the ureter ascending posterior to the inferior vena cava?
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What structure does the metanephric diverticulum elongate to form?
What structure does the metanephric diverticulum elongate to form?
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What are urachal cysts remnants of?
What are urachal cysts remnants of?
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Which part of the urogenital sinus develops into the urinary bladder?
Which part of the urogenital sinus develops into the urinary bladder?
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Which part of the male urethra is derived from the phallic part of the urogenital sinus?
Which part of the male urethra is derived from the phallic part of the urogenital sinus?
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What does the urachus become after the bladder detaches from the allantois?
What does the urachus become after the bladder detaches from the allantois?
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How many times do the buds from each calyx continue to subdivide during kidney development?
How many times do the buds from each calyx continue to subdivide during kidney development?
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What type of tissue develops the smooth muscles of the bladder?
What type of tissue develops the smooth muscles of the bladder?
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What is formed from the absorption of the caudal ends of the mesonephric ducts into the wall of the bladder?
What is formed from the absorption of the caudal ends of the mesonephric ducts into the wall of the bladder?
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What primarily causes the ureters to increase in length during their development?
What primarily causes the ureters to increase in length during their development?
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What is the outer fold developing from the edges of the phallic part of the urogenital sinus called?
What is the outer fold developing from the edges of the phallic part of the urogenital sinus called?
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Which embryological structure divides the cloaca into the rectum and the urogenital sinus?
Which embryological structure divides the cloaca into the rectum and the urogenital sinus?
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Which condition reflects an abnormal widening of the ureter, measuring more than 8mm?
Which condition reflects an abnormal widening of the ureter, measuring more than 8mm?
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Which part of the urogenital sinus is responsible for the development of the middle section of the urethra?
Which part of the urogenital sinus is responsible for the development of the middle section of the urethra?
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What is the first structure that the metanephric diverticulum arises from?
What is the first structure that the metanephric diverticulum arises from?
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The expanded cranial end of the metanephric diverticulum forms which structure?
The expanded cranial end of the metanephric diverticulum forms which structure?
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What eventually happens to the major calyces during ureter development?
What eventually happens to the major calyces during ureter development?
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What condition involves a remnant of the lumen that typically remains in the inferior part of the urachus?
What condition involves a remnant of the lumen that typically remains in the inferior part of the urachus?
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Which condition is characterized by the entire urachus remaining patent, allowing urine to escape from the umbilicus?
Which condition is characterized by the entire urachus remaining patent, allowing urine to escape from the umbilicus?
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In which condition does the posterior bladder wall protrude through a defect in the anterior abdominal wall below the umbilicus?
In which condition does the posterior bladder wall protrude through a defect in the anterior abdominal wall below the umbilicus?
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Which congenital anomaly of the urethra involves the external urethral orifice appearing on the ventral surface of the penis?
Which congenital anomaly of the urethra involves the external urethral orifice appearing on the ventral surface of the penis?
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Which condition describes the external urethral orifice situated on the dorsal surface of the penis?
Which condition describes the external urethral orifice situated on the dorsal surface of the penis?
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What is a rare condition that allows urine escape from the umbilicus due to a patent urachus?
What is a rare condition that allows urine escape from the umbilicus due to a patent urachus?
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Which of the following conditions is NOT related to abnormalities of the urachus?
Which of the following conditions is NOT related to abnormalities of the urachus?
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What results when there is a defect in the anterior abdominal wall, leading to the exposure of the trigone of the bladder?
What results when there is a defect in the anterior abdominal wall, leading to the exposure of the trigone of the bladder?
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Which condition may lead to dribbling of urine due to exposure of the ureteric orifices?
Which condition may lead to dribbling of urine due to exposure of the ureteric orifices?
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Which congenital anomaly is defined as a connection between the rectum and the urethra?
Which congenital anomaly is defined as a connection between the rectum and the urethra?
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Study Notes
AL AZHAR UNIVERSITY
- Faculty of Medicine for Girls
- Year 2, Semester 3
- Academic year: 2023/2024
- Module Name: Renal module
- Code: IPM-07-20318
- Credit hours: 5
- Anatomy & Embryology department
Development of the Ureter, Urinary Bladder & Urethra
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Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs):
- Describe the development of the ureter and its congenital anomalies.
- Understand the development of the urinary bladder and its congenital anomalies.
- Describe the development of the urethra and differentiate between its congenital anomalies.
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Ureter Development:
- The urogenital system develops from the intermediate mesoderm.
- The metanephric diverticulum (ureteric bud) is an outgrowth from the mesonephric duct near the cloaca.
- It elongates dorsally and then cranially.
- The stalk becomes the ureter.
- The expanded cranial end forms the funnel-shaped renal pelvis.
- The renal pelvis divides into two portions, forming the major calyces.
- The calyces further subdivide repeatedly (up to 12 or more times).
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Urinary Bladder Development:
- The urinary bladder develops from two sources.
- The vesical part of the urogenital sinus.
- The caudal ends of the mesonephric ducts (form the trigon).
- The bladder's epithelium is derived from the endoderm of the vesical part of the urogenital sinus.
- Smooth muscles develop from adjacent mesoderm.
- The urinary bladder develops from two sources.
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Urethra Development:
- Female Urethra: Entire urethra derived from endoderm of the urogenital sinus. Connective tissue and smooth muscle are derived from splanchnic mesenchyme.
- Male Urethra: The proximal part of the prostatic urethra, extending to the ejaculatory ducts, is derived from the vesicourethral canal. The distal part (including the membranous part) of the prostatic urethra is derived from the pelvic part of the urogenital sinus. The greater part of the penile urethra is derived from the phallic part of the urogenital sinus. The part of the penile urethra in the glans penis is derived from the surface ectoderm.
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Urogenital Membrane
- Develops on each side of the phallic part of the urogenital sinus.
- Inner fold (urethral fold) unites to form the majority of the urethra.
- Outer fold (genital fold) fuses to create the scrotum.
- The urogenital membrane is the ventral portion of the cloaca membrane
- It closes the phallic part of the urogenital sinus inferiorly.
Congenital Anomalies
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Ureter:
- Bifid renal pelvis and ureter: Incomplete division of the metanephric diverticulum.
- Retrocaval ureter: Ureter passes posterior to the inferior vena cava.
- Megalo-ureter: Ureter significantly widened (over 8 mm).
- Ureterocele: Outpouching of the ureter as it enters the bladder.
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Urinary Bladder:
- Urachal cysts: Cysts formed from remnants of the urachus.
- Urachal sinus: Remnants of the urachal lumen often persists.
- Urachal fistula: Patent urachus allows urine to escape from the umbilicus.
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Urethra:
- Hypospadias: Abnormal (ventral) opening of the urethra.
- Epispadias: Abnormal (dorsal) opening of the urethra.
- Congenital recto-urethral fistula: Abnormal connection between the rectum and the urethra.
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Description
Test your understanding of the development of the ureter, urinary bladder, and urethra. This quiz will cover congenital anomalies and the embryological process involved in the development of these vital structures. Perfect for Year 2 medical students specializing in anatomy.
