L4 Development of the ureter and urinary (P1 Mid)

A remnant of the lumen of the urachus that persists in the inferior part of the urachus.

The entire urachus remains patent, creating a connection between the bladder and the umbilicus, allowing urine to escape from the umbilicus.

A condition where the posterior bladder wall protrudes through a defect in the anterior abdominal wall, below the umbilicus.

The external urethral orifice is located on the ventral (underside) surface of the penis.

The external urethral orifice is situated on the dorsal (upper) surface of the penis.

An abnormal connection between the urethra and the rectum.

A failure of the urachus to close completely during fetal development.

An outgrowth from the mesonephric duct near its entrance into the cloaca, which develops into the ureter, renal pelvis, major and minor calyces, and collecting tubules.

The urachus completely fails to close, forming a tube between the bladder and the navel.

The stalk of the metanephric diverticulum that elongates dorsally and cranially.

A cyst forms within the urachus, filled with fluid.

The funnel-shaped structure at the top of the ureter, formed by the expanded cranial end of the ureteric bud.

Divisions of the renal pelvis that collect urine from multiple minor calyces.

The urachus remains open only at the navel, creating a small opening at the belly button.

Smaller divisions of the renal pelvis that collect urine from the collecting tubules.

The dilated caudal part of the hindgut, comprised of endodermal cells, which is divided into the rectum and the urogenital sinus.

A septum that divides the cloaca into the rectum and the urogenital sinus.

The ventral part of the cloaca that develops into the urinary bladder and urethra.

The cranial part of the urogenital sinus that forms the main part of the urinary bladder.

As the kidneys ascend, the ureters lengthen and their orifices enter the bladder obliquely through the base, preventing urine reflux from the bladder back into the ureters.

The caudal ends of the mesonephric ducts form the trigon of the bladder. The epithelium of the bladder is derived from the endoderm of the vesical part of the urogenital sinus. The smooth muscles develop from adjacent mesoderm.

The bladder is continuous with the allantois, when it becomes thick fibrous cord it is called urachus. The urachus extends from the apex of the bladder to the umbilicus.

In infants and children, the urinary bladder, is in the abdomen. It enters the greater pelvis at 6 years of age. It enters the lesser pelvis at puberty.

The entire female urethra is derived from endoderm of the urogenital sinus. The connective tissue and smooth muscle are derived from splanchnic mesenchyme.

The proximal part of the prostatic urethra (as far as, the opening of the ejaculatory ducts) derived from the lower part of the vesicourethral canal. The distal part of the prostatic urethra +membranous part are derived from pelvic part of the urogenital sinus.

The greater part of the penile urethra derived from the phallic part of the urogenital sinus. The part of penile urethra in the glans of the penis is derived from the surface ectoderm

2 Folds develop from the edges of the phallic part of the urogenital sinus on each side of the urogenital membrane. The inner fold called urethral fold that unite from behind forwards to form the greater part of the urethra. The outer fold called genital fold that unite form the scrotum.

The urogenital membrane is the ventral part of the cloaca membrane. It closes the phallic part of the urogenital sinus inferiorly.

Incomplete division of the metanephric diverticulum leads to a bifid renal pelvis and ureter.

The ureter ascends posterior to the inferior vena cava.