L4 Development of the ureter and urinary (P1 Mid)

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary source of the urogenital system's development?

Ectoderm

Intermediate mesoderm (correct)

Endoderm

Mesothelial layer

What is the function of the metanephric diverticulum (ureteric bud) in the development of the ureter?

It creates major calyces only.

It forms the urinary bladder.

It develops the mesonephric ducts.

It elongates and becomes the ureter. (correct)

Which part of the cloaca contributes to the urinary bladder's formation?

Ventral urogenital sinus (correct)

Dorsal rectum

Cloacal membrane

Hindgut diverticulum

How does the renal pelvis form during ureter development?

By the dilation of the expanded cranial end of the ureteric bud. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is formed from the urogenital sinus during bladder development?

Vesical part (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the mesonephric ducts during the development process?

They are absorbed into the wall of the bladder. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the urorectal septum in developing the cloaca?

It divides the cloaca into dorsal and ventral parts. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How many times may the new buds from each calyx subdivide during development?

12 or more times (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the caudal phallic part of the urogenital sinus responsible for?

It fosters growth toward the genital tubercle. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What primarily distinguishes the major calyces in ureter development?

Their growth from the renal pelvis. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What structure forms the urachus after becoming a thick fibrous cord?

Allantois (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which embryonic tissue contributes to the development of the smooth muscles of the bladder?

Mesoderm (A) Signup and view all the answers

At what age does the urinary bladder begin to enter the greater pelvis?

At 6 years (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the male urethra is derived from the pelvic part of the urogenital sinus?

Distal prostatic urethra (A), Proximal prostatic urethra (B) Signup and view all the answers

What anomaly occurs due to the incomplete division of the metanephric diverticulum?

Bifid renal pelvis and ureter (B) Signup and view all the answers

From which part of the urogenital sinus is the entire female urethra derived?

Urogenital sinus (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential cystic anomaly that can occur related to the urachus?

Urachal cysts (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which fold unites to form the greater part of the male urethra?

Urethral fold (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the outer fold known as the genital fold?

Unite to form the scrotum (B) Signup and view all the answers

The part of the penile urethra in the glans of the penis is derived from which tissue?

Ectoderm (A) Signup and view all the answers

What describes a urachal fistula?

The urachus remains patent, allowing urine escape (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which congenital anomaly results in the urethral opening being on the ventral surface of the penis?

Hypospadias (A) Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by the posterior bladder wall protruding through a defect in the abdominal wall?

Ectopia vesica (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which congenital condition is very rare and allows urine to escape from the umbilicus?

Urachal fistula (A) Signup and view all the answers

In which condition does the external urethral orifice appear on the dorsal surface of the penis?

Epispadias (B) Signup and view all the answers

A congenital recto-urethral fistula generally results in which of the following complications?

Abnormal urine flow (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical structure is predominantly involved in the development of urachal conditions?

Urachus (D) Signup and view all the answers

What condition characteristically exposes the trigone of the bladder?

Ectopia vesica (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable characteristic of a urachal sinus?

Remnant of the lumen in the inferior urachus (A) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

AL AZHAR UNIVERSITY - Anatomy & Embryology

Faculty: Medicine for Girls
Year: 2, Semester 3
Academic Year: 2023/2024
Module Name: Renal module
Code: IPM-07-20318
Credit Hours: 5
Topic: Development of the Ureter, Urinary Bladder & Urethra

Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs)

ILO 1: Describe the development of the ureter and its congenital anomalies.
ILO 2: Understand the development of the urinary bladder and its congenital anomalies.
ILO 3: Describe the development of the urethra and differentiate between its congenital anomalies.

Development of the Ureter

The urogenital system develops from the intermediate mesoderm.
The metanephric diverticulum (ureteric bud) arises as an outgrowth from the mesonephric duct, entering the cloaca.
It grows dorsally and cranially.
The stalk of the ureteric bud becomes the ureter.
The expanded cranial end of the bud forms the funnel-shaped renal pelvis.
The renal pelvis divides into two, then into multiple parts, forming the major and minor calyces.
These structures repeatedly divide, eventually creating the collecting ducts and renal tubules.

Development of the Urinary Bladder

The urinary bladder develops from two sources.
The vesical part of the urogenital sinus forms the main part of the bladder.
The caudal ends of the mesonephric ducts form the trigone of the bladder.
The epithelium of the bladder originates from the endoderm of the vesical part of the urogenital sinus.
The smooth muscles of the bladder develop from adjacent mesoderm.

Development of the Urethra

In females, the entire urethra is derived from the endoderm of the urogenital sinus.
Connective tissue and smooth muscle derive from the splanchnic mesenchyme.
In males, the proximal part of the prostatic urethra (as far as the ejaculatory ducts) is formed from the vesicourethral part of the urogenital sinus.
The distal part and membranous parts of the prostatic urethra originate from the pelvic part of the urogenital sinus.
The greater part of the penile urethra arises from the phallic part of the urogenital sinus.
The glans of the penis is formed from surface ectoderm.

Urogenital Membrane

There are two folds developing from the edges of the phallic part of the urogenital sinus.
An inner fold, the urethral fold, forms the major part of the urethra.
An outer fold, the genital fold, forms the scrotum in males and the labia in females.
The urogenital membrane represents the ventral portion of the cloaca membrane.
It eventually closes, incorporating the phallic part of the urogenital sinus.

Congenital Anomalies

Ureter: Bifid renal pelvis and ureter, Retrocaval ureter, Megalo-ureter, Ureterocele
Bladder: Urachal cysts, Urachal sinus, Urachal fistula
Urethra: Hypospadias, Epispadias, Congenital recto-urethral fistula

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Description

This quiz focuses on the development of the ureter, urinary bladder, and urethra, along with their congenital anomalies. Designed for second-year medical students at Al Azhar University, it encompasses key topics in the renal module. Test your understanding of urogenital system development and its clinical implications.