Renal Function Evaluation Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What does an elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) indicate?

  • Decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (correct)
  • Reduced urea production in the liver
  • Low dietary protein intake
  • Normal kidney function

    • Which factor affects the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level?

  • Decreased creatinine levels
  • Urea production in the liver
  • Decreased serum phosphorus concentration
  • Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding (correct)

    • What does a normal serum creatinine concentration imply?

  • Cachexia
  • Elevated phosphorus concentration
  • Impaired kidney function
  • Normal kidney function (correct)

    • When is an increase in serum phosphorus concentration typically seen in chronic renal diseases?

    <p>When more than 85% of nephrons are non-functional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of cachexia on serum creatinine concentrations?

    <p>Reduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of renal secondary hyperparathyroidism in relation to serum phosphorus concentration?

    <p>To keep the serum phosphorus concentration within normal limits by excreting more phosphorus into the urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can serum phosphorus concentration be much higher in immature animals?

    <p>Due to higher parathyroid hormone levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biomarker increases earlier than creatinine as glomerular filtration rate decreases?

    <p>Symmetric dimethylarginine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In chronic kidney disease, what is used for staging based on blood creatinine and SDMA concentrations?

    <p>Exogenous creatinine clearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does fractional excretion of sodium indicate in the differentiation of prerenal and primary renal azotemia?

    <p>Sodium conservation with a very low fractional excretion of sodium in prerenal azotemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the usefulness of monitoring urinary enzymes for renal tubular damage detection?

    <p>Both Υ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and NAG are specific for renal tubular damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property of urine is typically altered in dogs and may become cloudy?

    <p>Appearance due to mucus or casts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes urine to have a red or reddish-brown color?

    <p>Intact redblood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin, or myoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    <p>Yellow-brown to yellow-green is due to bilirubin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of urinary enzymes N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) in detecting renal tubular damage?

    <p>Increases in urinary NAG are specific for renal tubular damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which specific enzyme is a membrane-bound enzyme specific for renal tubular damage?

    <p>Υ-glutamyltransferase (GGT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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