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Renal Function Evaluation Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What does an elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) indicate?

Decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (correct)

Reduced urea production in the liver

Low dietary protein intake

Normal kidney function

Which factor affects the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level?

Decreased creatinine levels

Urea production in the liver

Decreased serum phosphorus concentration

Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding (correct)

What does a normal serum creatinine concentration imply?

Cachexia

Elevated phosphorus concentration

Impaired kidney function

Normal kidney function (correct)

When is an increase in serum phosphorus concentration typically seen in chronic renal diseases?

When more than 85% of nephrons are non-functional Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of cachexia on serum creatinine concentrations?

Reduction Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of renal secondary hyperparathyroidism in relation to serum phosphorus concentration?

To keep the serum phosphorus concentration within normal limits by excreting more phosphorus into the urine Signup and view all the answers

Why can serum phosphorus concentration be much higher in immature animals?

Due to higher parathyroid hormone levels Signup and view all the answers

Which biomarker increases earlier than creatinine as glomerular filtration rate decreases?

Symmetric dimethylarginine Signup and view all the answers

In chronic kidney disease, what is used for staging based on blood creatinine and SDMA concentrations?

Exogenous creatinine clearance Signup and view all the answers

What does fractional excretion of sodium indicate in the differentiation of prerenal and primary renal azotemia?

Sodium conservation with a very low fractional excretion of sodium in prerenal azotemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the usefulness of monitoring urinary enzymes for renal tubular damage detection?

Both Υ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and NAG are specific for renal tubular damage Signup and view all the answers

What property of urine is typically altered in dogs and may become cloudy?

Appearance due to mucus or casts Signup and view all the answers

What causes urine to have a red or reddish-brown color?

Intact redblood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin, or myoglobin Signup and view all the answers

Yellow-brown to yellow-green is due to bilirubin Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of urinary enzymes N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) in detecting renal tubular damage?

Increases in urinary NAG are specific for renal tubular damage Signup and view all the answers

Which specific enzyme is a membrane-bound enzyme specific for renal tubular damage?

Υ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) Signup and view all the answers