Renal Function Evaluation: BUN and Creatinine
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of blood urea nitrogen (BUN)?

  • To support liver function
  • To aid in muscle function
  • To regulate bone growth
  • To remove waste products from the blood (correct)
  • Which factor can lead to an increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN)?

  • Low levels of urea in the liver
  • Decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (correct)
  • Enhanced kidney excretion rate
  • Reduced dietary protein intake
  • What does an elevation in serum creatinine concentration indicate?

  • Young age of the animal
  • At least 75% of the functional renal mass is impaired (correct)
  • High levels of physical activity
  • Normal kidney function
  • In which animals are lower serum creatinine concentrations commonly observed?

    <p>Young animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is an increase in serum phosphorus concentration typically observed in chronic renal diseases?

    <p>When more than 85% of nephrons are non-functional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What regulates tubular reabsorption of phosphorus?

    <p>Parathyroid hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of fractional excretion of sodium?

    <p>Useful in the differentiation of prerenal and primary renal azotemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an increase in symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) concentrations indicate?

    <p>A reduction in glomerular filtration rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) indicate when increased?

    <p>Specific for renal tubular damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

    <p>To determine kidney function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the presence of red or reddish-brown color in urine indicate?

    <p>Intact red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin, or myoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of urine specific gravity?

    <p>Indicates the concentration of the urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does green color in urine suggest?

    <p>Pseudomonas infection or oxidation of bilirubin to biliverdin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should there be sodium conservation with a very low fractional excretion of sodium?

    <p>In prerenal azotemia and volume depletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may cloudy urine indicate?

    <p>Increased cells, crystals, mucus, or casts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may yellow-brown to yellow-green urine color indicate?

    <p>Bile pigments</p> Signup and view all the answers

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