16 Questions
What is the primary function of blood urea nitrogen (BUN)?
To remove waste products from the blood
Which factor can lead to an increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN)?
Decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
What does an elevation in serum creatinine concentration indicate?
At least 75% of the functional renal mass is impaired
In which animals are lower serum creatinine concentrations commonly observed?
Young animals
When is an increase in serum phosphorus concentration typically observed in chronic renal diseases?
When more than 85% of nephrons are non-functional
What regulates tubular reabsorption of phosphorus?
Parathyroid hormone
What is the primary function of fractional excretion of sodium?
Useful in the differentiation of prerenal and primary renal azotemia
What does an increase in symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) concentrations indicate?
A reduction in glomerular filtration rate
What does urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) indicate when increased?
Specific for renal tubular damage
What is the main purpose of estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?
To determine kidney function
What does the presence of red or reddish-brown color in urine indicate?
Intact red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin, or myoglobin
What is the significance of urine specific gravity?
Indicates the concentration of the urine
What does green color in urine suggest?
Pseudomonas infection or oxidation of bilirubin to biliverdin
When should there be sodium conservation with a very low fractional excretion of sodium?
In prerenal azotemia and volume depletion
What may cloudy urine indicate?
Increased cells, crystals, mucus, or casts
What may yellow-brown to yellow-green urine color indicate?
Bile pigments
This quiz covers the evaluation of renal function through the assessment of Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and Creatinine levels. It includes information about the factors affecting BUN levels and the significance of creatinine elevation in the body.
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