Acute Renal Failure: Definition and Causes
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Questions and Answers

What is the characteristic of the initiation phase of acute renal failure?

  • Gradual decrease in serum creatinine
  • Sudden increase in serum creatinine and BUN concentrations (correct)
  • Sustained severe reduction in GFR
  • Sudden increase in GFR
  • What is the main focus of management during the maintenance phase of acute renal failure?

  • Repairing volume deficits
  • Maintaining water and sodium balance
  • Limiting potassium intake
  • Optimizing protein and caloric intake (correct)
  • Which factor may cause abnormal diuresis during the recovery phase of acute renal failure?

  • Salt and water retention
  • Volume repletion
  • Regeneration of tubular epithelial cells (correct)
  • Volume depletion
  • What is the recommended approach to prevent acute renal failure before surgery?

    <p>Volume repletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication may be considered during the maintenance phase of acute renal failure?

    <p>Furosemide (diuretics)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be monitored for major fluid and electrolyte shifts during the diuretic phase of acute renal failure?

    <p>Sodium balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be discontinued as a preventive measure for acute renal failure?

    <p>Radiocontrast agents to patients with diabetic nephropathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of acute renal failure?

    <p>An abrupt or rapid, reversible decline in renal function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of acute renal failure refers to a condition in which the pathology lies within the kidney itself?

    <p>Intrinsic renal failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes pre-renal acute renal failure?

    <p>Hemorrhage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is a cause of postrenal acute renal failure?

    <p>Bladder neck obstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of acute renal failure cases are attributed to acute postrenal failure?

    <p>5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drugs can contribute to pre-renal acute renal failure?

    <p>Antihypertensive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of acute intrinsic renal failure?

    <p>Diseases of glomeruli such as Inflammatory Vasculitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can lead to ureteric obstruction?

    <p>Intraluminal: stone, clot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential cause of extramural bladder neck obstruction?

    <p>Carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

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