Renal Function Disorders

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Questions and Answers

What is the condition of the nephrons in the affected area?

They are damaged and have a low filtration rate

What can be observed in venous plasma from the affected nephrons?

A decrease in filtration rate

Where are the proximal convoluted tubules located?

In the cortex of the kidney

What is NOT located in the cortex of the kidney?

Collecting ducts Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition of the tubular function in the affected nephrons?

It is normal Signup and view all the answers

Where are the glomeruli located?

In the cortex of the kidney Signup and view all the answers

What happens to an ion when it undergoes symmetric transport?

It acquires the opposite charge Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the decreased filtration rate in the affected nephrons?

Decreased urine production Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the decreased filtration rate in the affected nephrons?

Oliguria Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of symmetric transport on an ion's charge?

It acquires an opposite charge Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the proximal convoluted tubules?

Reabsorbing nutrients Signup and view all the answers

Where do the distal convoluted tubules empty?

Into the collecting ducts Signup and view all the answers

What type of charge does an ion acquire after symmetric transport?

An opposite charge Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of symmetric transport on an ion's charge?

It changes the charge to its opposite Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the charge of an ion when it undergoes symmetric transport?

It becomes the opposite charge Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for obstruction that occurs within the kidney?

Intrarenal obstruction Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for obstruction that occurs outside the kidney?

Extrarenal obstruction Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible cause of acute kidney injury?

Prolonged renal circulatory insufficiency Signup and view all the answers

What is a complication of rhabdomyolysis?

Myoglobulinuria Signup and view all the answers

What is a complication of sepsis?

Septicaemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for raised nitrogen concentration?

Azotemia Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a term for raised nitrogen concentration?

Hyperkalemia Signup and view all the answers

What is opposite of oliguria?

Polyuria Signup and view all the answers

What is a condition characterized by the excretion of glucose in the urine?

Glycosuria Signup and view all the answers

What is a term that refers to an abnormally low urine output?

Oliguria Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Uraemia refers to raised nitrogen concentration in the blood.
Azotemia is another term for raised nitrogen concentration in the blood.
Hyperkalemia refers to high levels of potassium in the blood.
Glycosuria refers to the presence of glucose in urine.
Oliguria refers to a decrease in urine volume.

Electrolyte Transport

Transport of one ion can lead to the movement of another ion with an opposite charge.

Kidney Structure and Function

The proximal convoluted tubules, distal convoluted tubules, and collecting ducts are all located in the cortex of the kidney.
Glomeruli are not located in the cortex of the kidney.

Kidney Function and Obstruction

Intrarenal obstruction occurs within the kidney, whereas extrarenal obstruction occurs outside the kidney.
Prolonged renal circulatory insufficiency, septicaemia, and myoglobulinuria are all conditions that can affect kidney function.
In cases of intrarenal obstruction, venous plasma from affected nephrons may show decreased glomerular filtration rate with normal tubular function.

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