Questions and Answers
What is the condition of the nephrons in the affected area?
They are damaged and have a low filtration rate
What can be observed in venous plasma from the affected nephrons?
A decrease in filtration rate
Where are the proximal convoluted tubules located?
In the cortex of the kidney
What is NOT located in the cortex of the kidney?
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What is the condition of the tubular function in the affected nephrons?
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Where are the glomeruli located?
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What happens to an ion when it undergoes symmetric transport?
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What is the result of the decreased filtration rate in the affected nephrons?
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What is the term for the decreased filtration rate in the affected nephrons?
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What is the result of symmetric transport on an ion's charge?
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What is the main function of the proximal convoluted tubules?
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Where do the distal convoluted tubules empty?
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What type of charge does an ion acquire after symmetric transport?
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What is the effect of symmetric transport on an ion's charge?
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What happens to the charge of an ion when it undergoes symmetric transport?
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What is the term for obstruction that occurs within the kidney?
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What is the term for obstruction that occurs outside the kidney?
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What is a possible cause of acute kidney injury?
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What is a complication of rhabdomyolysis?
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What is a complication of sepsis?
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What is the term for raised nitrogen concentration?
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What is NOT a term for raised nitrogen concentration?
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What is opposite of oliguria?
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What is a condition characterized by the excretion of glucose in the urine?
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What is a term that refers to an abnormally low urine output?
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Study Notes
Kidney-Related Terms
- Uraemia refers to raised nitrogen concentration in the blood.
- Azotemia is another term for raised nitrogen concentration in the blood.
- Hyperkalemia refers to high levels of potassium in the blood.
- Glycosuria refers to the presence of glucose in urine.
- Oliguria refers to a decrease in urine volume.
Electrolyte Transport
- Transport of one ion can lead to the movement of another ion with an opposite charge.
Kidney Structure and Function
- The proximal convoluted tubules, distal convoluted tubules, and collecting ducts are all located in the cortex of the kidney.
- Glomeruli are not located in the cortex of the kidney.
Kidney Function and Obstruction
- Intrarenal obstruction occurs within the kidney, whereas extrarenal obstruction occurs outside the kidney.
- Prolonged renal circulatory insufficiency, septicaemia, and myoglobulinuria are all conditions that can affect kidney function.
- In cases of intrarenal obstruction, venous plasma from affected nephrons may show decreased glomerular filtration rate with normal tubular function.
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