Renal Function and Fluid Balance Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the urinary system?

  • One urethra
  • Two ureters
  • Two kidneys (correct)
  • One urinary bladder

What is the main function of the kidneys in the urinary system?

  • Regulation of pH
  • Maintenance of blood osmolarity (correct)
  • Regulation of blood volume and pressure
  • Regulation of blood ionic composition

Which layer of tissue surrounds each kidney?

  • Renal fascia (correct)
  • Adipose capsule
  • Renal capsule
  • Renal cortex

What are the functional parts of the kidney?

<p>Cortex and pyramids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does blood enter and exit the kidney?

<p>Enter through the renal artery and exit through the renal vein (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component part of the nephron?

<p>Pyramids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the nephron?

<p>Excreting wastes and foreign substances (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process helps to control blood pH and eliminate substances from the body?

<p>Secretion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the majority of solute and water reabsorption from filtered fluid occur?

<p>Proximal convoluted tubules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What promotes the reabsorption of almost all organic solutes in the proximal convoluted tubule?

<p>Na+ transporters (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What creates an osmotic gradient that promotes the reabsorption of water by osmosis?

<p>Reabsorption of Na+ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor that determines the rate at which water is lost from the body?

<p>Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) level (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When the ADH level is very low, what type of urine is produced?

<p>Dilute urine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main process involved in the production of concentrated urine?

<p>Sodium pumping along with variable solute and water permeability in the loop of Henle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of a nephron?

<p>Collecting duct (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a process involved in producing urine?

<p>Respiration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the glomerular filtration membrane?

<p>Renal tubule (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the net filtration pressure (NFP) in millimeters mercury (mm Hg)?

<p>10 mm Hg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in milliliters per minute (ml/min) for a normal adult?

<p>125 ml/min (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following mechanisms does NOT regulate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

<p>Respiratory regulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) when blood volume increases?

<p>GFR increases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme converts angiotensin I into active angiotensin II?

<p>ACE (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does alcohol affect ADH?

<p>Decreases ADH production (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which urine is transported through the ureters?

<p>Peristalsis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the urinary bladder located?

<p>In the pelvic cavity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the urethra?

<p>To discharge urine from the body (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the male urethra in addition to discharging urine?

<p>Transporting sperm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What initiates the spinal micturition reflex?

<p>Stretch receptors in the urinary bladder wall (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the urinary bladder consists of smooth muscles?

<p>Muscularis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What forms the internal urethral sphincter in the urinary bladder?

<p>Circular fibres of the muscularis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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