Renal Function and Fluid Balance Quiz

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Which of the following is NOT a component of the urinary system?

One urethra

Two ureters

Two kidneys (correct)

One urinary bladder

What is the main function of the kidneys in the urinary system?

Regulation of pH

Maintenance of blood osmolarity (correct)

Regulation of blood volume and pressure

Regulation of blood ionic composition

Which layer of tissue surrounds each kidney?

Renal fascia (correct)

Adipose capsule

Renal capsule

Renal cortex

What are the functional parts of the kidney?

Cortex and pyramids Signup and view all the answers

How does blood enter and exit the kidney?

Enter through the renal artery and exit through the renal vein Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component part of the nephron?

Pyramids Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the nephron?

Excreting wastes and foreign substances Signup and view all the answers

Which process helps to control blood pH and eliminate substances from the body?

Secretion Signup and view all the answers

Where does the majority of solute and water reabsorption from filtered fluid occur?

Proximal convoluted tubules Signup and view all the answers

What promotes the reabsorption of almost all organic solutes in the proximal convoluted tubule?

Na+ transporters Signup and view all the answers

What creates an osmotic gradient that promotes the reabsorption of water by osmosis?

Reabsorption of Na+ Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor that determines the rate at which water is lost from the body?

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) level Signup and view all the answers

When the ADH level is very low, what type of urine is produced?

Dilute urine Signup and view all the answers

What is the main process involved in the production of concentrated urine?

Sodium pumping along with variable solute and water permeability in the loop of Henle Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of a nephron?

Collecting duct Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a process involved in producing urine?

Respiration Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the glomerular filtration membrane?

Renal tubule Signup and view all the answers

What is the net filtration pressure (NFP) in millimeters mercury (mm Hg)?

10 mm Hg Signup and view all the answers

What is the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in milliliters per minute (ml/min) for a normal adult?

125 ml/min Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following mechanisms does NOT regulate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

Respiratory regulation Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) when blood volume increases?

GFR increases Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme converts angiotensin I into active angiotensin II?

ACE Signup and view all the answers

How does alcohol affect ADH?

Decreases ADH production Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which urine is transported through the ureters?

Peristalsis Signup and view all the answers

Where is the urinary bladder located?

In the pelvic cavity Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the urethra?

To discharge urine from the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the male urethra in addition to discharging urine?

Transporting sperm Signup and view all the answers

What initiates the spinal micturition reflex?

Stretch receptors in the urinary bladder wall Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the urinary bladder consists of smooth muscles?

Muscularis Signup and view all the answers

What forms the internal urethral sphincter in the urinary bladder?

Circular fibres of the muscularis Signup and view all the answers