Renal Function and Acid-Base Balance Quiz

The kidneys' ability to remove waste products like urea, uric acid, and creatinine from the blood through filtration.

The kidneys' role in maintaining the body's fluid balance by eliminating excess water through urine.

The process the kidneys use to keep the right balance of electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and bicarbonate in the blood.

The kidneys help regulate blood pressure by releasing renin, which activates the RAAS (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system).

A condition where the lungs are not able to remove enough carbon dioxide from the blood, leading to an increase in acidity.

A condition where the lungs are removing too much carbon dioxide from the blood, leading to a decrease in acidity.

A condition where the body produces too much acid or loses too much base, leading to an increase in acidity.

A condition where the body loses too much acid or produces too much base, leading to a decrease in acidity.

The kidneys compensate for respiratory acidosis by reabsorbing HCO₃⁻ and excreting H⁺, aiming to increase blood pH.

The kidneys compensate for respiratory alkalosis by decreasing HCO₃⁻ reabsorption, aiming to decrease blood pH.

The kidneys help regulate blood pressure through the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). When blood pressure is low, the kidneys release renin, starting a cascade that ultimately increases blood pressure.

The active form of vitamin D, produced by the kidneys, helps regulate calcium balance in the body.

Lowered blood volume, often due to dehydration or shock, leading to decreased blood flow to the kidneys.

Damage to the kidneys themselves, caused by toxins, infections, or inflammation.

Blockage of the urinary tract, preventing urine from being eliminated.

A state where the body's pH is too low, caused by an increase in acid levels. This can be due to various factors, including kidney failure or metabolic disorders.

Excessive breathing, which can lead to low carbon dioxide levels and respiratory alkalosis.

A by-product of anaerobic glycolysis (energy production without oxygen) in muscles. It gets converted into glucose in the liver.

A condition where the kidneys cannot filter waste products effectively.

A condition where blood flow to an organ is restricted or blocked. This can impact oxygen and nutrients reaching the tissue, leading to damage.

A type of acid formed during fat breakdown. Ketones are released into the bloodstream and used for energy.

A type of acid formed from the breakdown of proteins (amino acids) in the body.

A form of acid formed from breakdown of phosphorus-rich compounds.

A condition where the body's ability to regulate acid-base balance is disrupted. This can be acute or chronic.

The kidneys, through their filters, play a vital role in maintaining acid-base balance by removing excess acid from the body.

Our lungs, through breathing, help maintain acid-base balance by removing CO₂ (carbon dioxide), a major component of the body's acid.

A chemical system that resists changes in pH by absorbing or releasing hydrogen ions (H+).

A buffer system that uses the bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) and carbonic acid (H2CO3) to maintain pH.

A buffer system that uses dihydrogen phosphate (H2PO4-) and hydrogen phosphate (HPO42-) ions to maintain pH.

A buffer system that uses amino acid residues to help maintain pH.

A condition characterized by a pH above 7.45, indicating excess base or acid deficiency.

The loss of protein from the blood into the urine, often a sign of kidney impairment.

The inability of the kidneys to filter waste products from the blood effectively.

A condition where the potassium levels in the blood are too high.

A medical condition characterized by high blood pressure.

Excessive fluid retention in the body, often leading to swelling.

The process by which the kidneys filter waste products from the blood and produce urine.

The process by which the lungs remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the blood.