Physiology Renal Function Quiz

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What is the normal range for plasma pH in the human body?

7.03 - 7.04

7.35 - 7.45 (correct)

7.00 - 8.00

6.50 - 8.50

If the plasma clearance of a substance is zero, what does it indicate?

Less reabsorbed

More excreted

Substance is not filtered (correct)

Increased sympathetic activity will increase renal blood flow

Which of the following is true regarding low Tm substances?

Has lower plasma clearance

Increased sympathetic activity will increase renal blood flow

Renal blood flow is maintained at a constant level

Less reabsorbed (correct)

In the human body, where is 2/3 of the total body water located?

Intracellular Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the sensation of thirst in humans?

Blood volume decreases by 3% Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about autoregulation in renal circulation is correct?

Renal blood flow is maintained at a constant level Signup and view all the answers

What is the main stimulus for the secretion and release of ADH?

Hypertonicity of the ECF Signup and view all the answers

Which force/s favor/s glomerular filtration?

Hydrostatic pressure in the Bowman's capsule Signup and view all the answers

In an antidiuretic state, what happens to the activity of the aquaporins in the DCT and CD?

Increases Signup and view all the answers

Where is the filtered HCO3 reabsorbed?

HCO3 Signup and view all the answers

Under normal conditions, what is the usual urine pH?

7.40 Signup and view all the answers

What maintains the hypertonicity of the renal medullary interstitial fluid?

Maintained by the thick ascending limb of the Loop of Henle which is impermeable to water Signup and view all the answers

What happens if water intake exceeds water lost from the body?

Positive water balance Signup and view all the answers

In the renal tubule, which segment is known as the diluting segment?

Thick ascending limb (Loop of Henle) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct statement regarding reabsorption in the proximal tubule?

The second half of the proximal tubule, Na+ is symported with Cl- and glucose Signup and view all the answers

Which combination is CORRECT in terms of nephron structures?

Loop of Henle of the juxtamedullary nephrons - Countercurrent multiplier Signup and view all the answers

Where do most K+ ions undergo reabsorption after being filtered through the glomerulus?

Proximal tubule Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary abnormality in metabolic alkalosis?

$HCO_3^-$ excess Signup and view all the answers

What type of pH imbalance is likely to occur in a patient with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)?

Respiratory acidosis Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the renal handling of glucose?

It is passively reabsorbed in the proximal tubule Signup and view all the answers

Which substance increases passive diffusion of urea in the medullary collecting duct?

Aldosterone Signup and view all the answers

What is the tonicity of the filtrate leaving the Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT) and entering the thick descending loop of Henle?

Isotonic Signup and view all the answers

Where are the foot processes of the podocytes directly attached?

Glomerular capillary Signup and view all the answers

Which substance inhibits Na+ reabsorption in the renal tubules?

Dopamine Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the kidney reaches the Tm for a certain agent?

The renal tubular cells will start secreting the agent Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is NOT true of central diabetes insipidus?

Hypoglycemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the best action the kidneys can take in extreme acidosis?

Positive the urine to a pH of 8.00 Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is decreased with increasing renal sympathetic nerve activation?

Water reabsorption Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is NOT capable of enhancing reabsorption in the DCT?

ANP Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the renal tubules is a large proportion of Na+ reabsorbed in a patient with increased aldosterone?

$Urea$ Signup and view all the answers