30 Questions
What is the normal range for plasma pH in the human body?
7.35 - 7.45
If the plasma clearance of a substance is zero, what does it indicate?
Substance is not filtered
Which of the following is true regarding low Tm substances?
Less reabsorbed
In the human body, where is 2/3 of the total body water located?
Intracellular
What triggers the sensation of thirst in humans?
Blood volume decreases by 3%
Which statement about autoregulation in renal circulation is correct?
Renal blood flow is maintained at a constant level
What is the main stimulus for the secretion and release of ADH?
Hypertonicity of the ECF
Which force/s favor/s glomerular filtration?
Hydrostatic pressure in the Bowman's capsule
In an antidiuretic state, what happens to the activity of the aquaporins in the DCT and CD?
Increases
Where is the filtered HCO3 reabsorbed?
HCO3
Under normal conditions, what is the usual urine pH?
7.40
What maintains the hypertonicity of the renal medullary interstitial fluid?
Maintained by the thick ascending limb of the Loop of Henle which is impermeable to water
What happens if water intake exceeds water lost from the body?
Positive water balance
In the renal tubule, which segment is known as the diluting segment?
Thick ascending limb (Loop of Henle)
What is the correct statement regarding reabsorption in the proximal tubule?
The second half of the proximal tubule, Na+ is symported with Cl- and glucose
Which combination is CORRECT in terms of nephron structures?
Loop of Henle of the juxtamedullary nephrons - Countercurrent multiplier
Where do most K+ ions undergo reabsorption after being filtered through the glomerulus?
Proximal tubule
What is the primary abnormality in metabolic alkalosis?
$HCO_3^-$ excess
What type of pH imbalance is likely to occur in a patient with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)?
Respiratory acidosis
Which statement accurately describes the renal handling of glucose?
It is passively reabsorbed in the proximal tubule
Which substance increases passive diffusion of urea in the medullary collecting duct?
Aldosterone
What is the tonicity of the filtrate leaving the Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT) and entering the thick descending loop of Henle?
Isotonic
Where are the foot processes of the podocytes directly attached?
Glomerular capillary
Which substance inhibits Na+ reabsorption in the renal tubules?
Dopamine
What happens when the kidney reaches the Tm for a certain agent?
The renal tubular cells will start secreting the agent
Which statement is NOT true of central diabetes insipidus?
Hypoglycemia
What is the best action the kidneys can take in extreme acidosis?
Positive the urine to a pH of 8.00
Which factor is decreased with increasing renal sympathetic nerve activation?
Water reabsorption
Which hormone is NOT capable of enhancing reabsorption in the DCT?
ANP
In which part of the renal tubules is a large proportion of Na+ reabsorbed in a patient with increased aldosterone?
$Urea$
Test your knowledge on renal physiology with questions on plasma pH, pCO2, HCO3 levels, acid-base imbalances, and substance reabsorption in the proximal tubule. Choose the correct answers based on the given scenarios and parameters.
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