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Questions and Answers
What is a consequence of hypocalcemia in patients with chronic renal disease?
What is a consequence of hypocalcemia in patients with chronic renal disease?
- Decreased phosphate levels
- Development of secondary hyperparathyroidism (correct)
- Increased vitamin D metabolism
- Elevated ionized Ca2+ concentrations
What mechanism contributes to hypocalcemia in chronic renal disease?
What mechanism contributes to hypocalcemia in chronic renal disease?
- Increased absorption of calcium in the intestines
- Hyperphosphatemia binding to ionized Ca2+ (correct)
- Enhanced excretion of calcium by renal tubules
- Decreased release of magnesium from bones
Which of the following complications may arise from hypocalcemia in renal patients?
Which of the following complications may arise from hypocalcemia in renal patients?
- Improved cardiac output
- Reduced serum phosphate levels
- Formation of renal stones (correct)
- Increase in blood pressure
What role does rhabdomyolysis play in relation to calcium levels?
What role does rhabdomyolysis play in relation to calcium levels?
What is a primary reason for monitoring ionized Ca2+ concentrations in renal patients?
What is a primary reason for monitoring ionized Ca2+ concentrations in renal patients?
Flashcards
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
A condition in which the parathyroid glands produce excessive amounts of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in response to low calcium levels in the blood.
How hyperphosphatemia causes hypocalcemia
How hyperphosphatemia causes hypocalcemia
When too much phosphate (PO4-) binds to calcium (Ca2+), it lowers the amount of free, active (ionized) calcium in blood.
Osteodystrophy
Osteodystrophy
A condition where the bones become weak and brittle due to disturbances in calcium metabolism.
Rhabdomyolysis
Rhabdomyolysis
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Hyperphosphatemia
Hyperphosphatemia
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Study Notes
Renal Disease and Calcium Imbalances
- Patients with glomerular failure-related renal disease often have abnormal levels of calcium (Ca2+), phosphate (PO4-), albumin, magnesium (Mg2+), and hydrogen ions (pH).
- Chronic kidney disease frequently leads to secondary hyperparathyroidism, a compensatory response to hypocalcemia.
- Hypocalcemia can result from hyperphosphatemia (phosphate binds to calcium, decreasing ionized calcium) or abnormal vitamin D metabolism.
- Monitoring and controlling ionized calcium levels is crucial to prevent complications like osteodystrophy, unstable cardiac output/blood pressure, renal stones, and other calcifications, arising from either hypo- or hypercalcemia.
- Rhabdomyolysis (muscle damage) can cause hypocalcemia due to increased phosphate release from damaged cells, which binds to calcium.
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