Questions and Answers
What is the first line of intervention for Hypocalcemia?
What dietary changes should be encouraged for a patient with Hypercalcemia?
Limit dietary calcium intake.
Which of the following foods are high in potassium for a patient with Hypokalemia?
IV potassium supplementation should be diluted to a concentration of no more than ___ MEQ K+ to 10 ML of solution.
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IV bolus of potassium is safe for administration.
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What should be administered to promote the movement of potassium from ECF to ICF in Hyperkalemia?
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What is the purpose of administering hypertonic IV therapy for Hyponatremia?
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For Hypernatremia, providing oral hygiene can help decrease thirst.
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What should be discontinued for a patient with Hypomagnesemia?
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Match the following electrolyte imbalances with their interventions:
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What is a common symptom to monitor for in patients with Hypermagnesemia?
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Study Notes
Hypocalcemia
- Administer oral or IV calcium supplements.
- Monitor cardiovascular and respiratory status.
- Initiate seizure precautions and keep emergency equipment ready.
- Encourage consumption of calcium-rich foods such as dairy products and dark green vegetables.
Hypercalcemia
- Increase patient activity levels to promote overall health.
- Limit dietary calcium intake.
- Encourage increased fluid intake to promote urinary excretion and reduce the risk of kidney stone formation.
- Suggest high-fiber foods to facilitate bowel elimination.
- Implement safety precautions for confused patients and monitor for signs of clots in the legs.
Hypokalemia
- Report potassium levels outside of reference ranges to the healthcare provider.
- Educate on dietary choices high in potassium, such as avocados, dried fruits, potatoes, bananas, and spinach.
- Provide oral potassium supplements and treat the underlying cause of hypokalemia.
- Monitor urine output, respiratory effectiveness, cardiac rhythm, level of consciousness, and bowel sounds for any abnormalities.
IV Potassium Supplementation
- Prepared by a pharmacist and checked by two registered nurses prior to administration.
- Dilute potassium to a maximum concentration of 1 MEQ K+ per 10 mL of solution; infuse slowly, no faster than 10 MEQ/hr.
- Monitor for phlebitis; discontinue infusion and notify the provider if it occurs.
- Never administer IV bolus of potassium due to high risk of cardiac arrest.
Hyperkalemia
- Report potassium levels outside of reference ranges to the healthcare provider.
- Decrease potassium intake, including stopping IV potassium infusions and withholding oral supplements.
- Place the patient on a potassium-restricted diet and be prepared for dialysis if potassium is extremely elevated.
- Administer IV fluids with dextrose to facilitate movement of potassium from the extracellular fluid to the intracellular fluid.
Hyponatremia
- Report irregular lab findings to the provider.
- Monitor intake and output meticulously and weigh the patient daily using the same scale.
- Monitor vital signs and level of consciousness; educate on gradual position changes to prevent orthostatic hypotension.
- Administer hypertonic IV therapy (3% NaCl) and encourage sodium-rich foods and fluids.
Hypernatremia
- Report sodium levels outside of reference ranges to the provider.
- Monitor level of consciousness and ensure patient safety.
- Provide oral hygiene and comfort measures to reduce thirst.
- Administer IV hypotonic fluids in the case of fluid loss and encourage increased water intake while reducing sodium consumption.
Hypomagnesemia
- Discontinue medications that cause magnesium loss.
- Administer oral or IV magnesium sulfate; prefer IV to prevent pain and tissue damage from intramuscular injections.
- Monitor deep tendon reflexes during magnesium infusion to prevent hypermagnesemia.
- Encourage consumption of magnesium-rich foods such as whole grains and dark leafy greens and implement seizure precautions.
Hypermagnesemia
- Perform frequent focused assessments to monitor the patient's condition.
- Notify the provider of any changes or absent reflexes.
- Monitor respiratory and cardiac status closely, administering loop diuretics and magnesium-free IV fluids if kidney function is adequate.
- Administer calcium gluconate for severe cardiac alterations.
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Description
This quiz explores the management of common electrolyte imbalances such as hypocalcemia, hypercalcemia, and hypokalemia. It covers strategies for treatment, dietary recommendations, and safety precautions related to these conditions. Test your knowledge on the best practices for ensuring patient safety and health.
