18 Questions
What is the primary effect of a decrease in parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels?
Increase in bone density
Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of hypocalcemia (low calcium levels)?
Increased heart rate
What is the primary function of phosphate in the body?
Formation of ATP and cell membranes
What is the primary cause of metabolic acidosis?
Excessive production of metabolic acids
What is the primary effect of a decrease in pH on the body?
Disruption of cell membrane stability
Which of the following electrolyte imbalances is the most rare?
Magnesium imbalance
What is the approximate percentage of total body fluid that is found in the extracellular fluid (ECF) compartment of a healthy adult?
33%
Which of the following is the major cation found in the intracellular fluid (ICF) compartment?
Potassium
If a patient has a fluid volume deficit, which of the following mechanisms would help restore fluid balance?
Increased water intake
Which of the following statements about the regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance is true?
Water movement occurs passively in response to changes in solute concentration.
If a patient has an acid-base imbalance, which of the following electrolytes would likely be affected?
Bicarbonate
What is the approximate percentage of total body water found in the plasma component of the extracellular fluid (ECF) compartment?
20%
Which of the following is NOT a major buffer system in the human body?
Phosphoric acid buffer system
What is the primary function of buffer systems in the body?
To maintain the body's pH balance (homeostasis)
Which of the following statements about the hemoglobin buffer system is correct?
It involves the enzyme carbonic anhydrase in red blood cells (RBCs)
Which of the following statements about the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system is correct?
It involves the dissociation of carbonic acid into hydrogen ions (H+) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3-)
What is the role of the kidneys in maintaining acid-base balance?
Excretion of excess hydrogen ions (H+)
Which of the following statements about the phosphate buffer system is correct?
It is important in the intracellular fluid (ICF)
Explore the impact of low calcium levels on the body, including symptoms like tetany, weak heartbeat, and muscle spasms, as well as causes such as renal failure and malabsorption. Understand how low calcium can affect nerve membrane permeability and muscle contractions.
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