18 Questions
What enzyme is secreted by the cells of the afferent arteriole of the glomerulus under sympathetic stimulation or hypovolemia?
Renin
Which plasma protein, produced by the liver, is converted by renin?
Angiotensinogen
What stimulates the secretion of aldosterone by the adrenal glands?
Elevated blood potassium
Which hormone is involved in the regulation of sodium levels along with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system?
ANP
Which enzyme is formed in small amounts in the lungs, proximal convoluted tubule, and other tissues?
ACE
Which cells secrete hydrogen ions to maintain normal pH?
Cells of the proximal convoluted tubule
What happens to autoregulation of renal blood flow when the innervation of renal vessels is interrupted?
It continues to operate
In severe shock, when systolic blood pressure (SBP) falls below 80 mmHg, what happens to renal blood flow and hydrostatic pressure?
They drop, impairing filtration in the nephrons
What is the main constituent of urine that is eliminated by the body?
Water
What is the minimum volume of urine needed to excrete waste products from the body per day?
$500$ ml
What controls the balance between fluid intake and loss in the body?
Kidneys
What hormone controls the amount of urine produced beyond the minimum needed for waste excretion?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
What is the main function of the glomerulus in the kidney?
Formation of urine
Which process ensures that blood cells and large molecules remain in the capillaries during urine formation?
Filtration
What is the role of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the regulation of urine volume?
Promote water reabsorption
How does the presence of plasma proteins differ between the filtrate in the glomerulus and actual plasma?
Plasma proteins are reduced in the filtrate
Which of the following is NOT a process involved in the formation of urine?
Filtration
How does autoregulation contribute to controlling renal blood flow?
By regulating blood vessel caliber independently of autoregulation
Test your knowledge on the autoregulation of renal vessels, including how it operates independently of nervous control and its response to variations in blood pressure. Learn about the impact of severe shock on autoregulation and renal blood flow. Explore concepts related to water balance, urine excretion, and filtration in the nephrons.
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